Internet and the Web

1968 Formation of ARPANET working group (ARPA = Advanced Research Project Agency)  

1969 First packets sent by Chariey Kiine at UCLA  

1970 ARPANET hosts start using Network Control Protocoi (NCP)  

1971 BBN deveiops a terminal Interface Message Processor (IMP) or TIP that supports up to 64 hosts 15 nodes (23 hosts) 

1982 TCP and Internet Protocol (IP) are established as the protocoi suite that is known as TCP/IP  

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The connectivity of computers to the outside world through the Internet and the Web has opened up tremendous channels of communication that never existed before. This chapter covers a variety of topics related to modeling of corrosion processes, from fundamental expressions to pragmatic models, and to applications of computers such as expert systems and computer-based training. 

With the increased acceptance of the Internet and the huge innovations in web development tools, web-based data collection and management systems have become the choice of many CROs because of their capability for collecting clinical trial data in real time and disseminating critical clinical trial information to the participating sites and various oversight committees [27]. 

Since the SCADA systems sensors provided valuable information, many utilities and other industries established connections between their SCADA systems and their business system. This allowed utility/industrial management and other staff access to valuable statistics, such as chemical usage. When utilities/industries later connected their systems to the Internet, they were able to provide stakeholders/stockholders with usage statistics on the utility/industrial web pages. Figure 7.1 provides a basic illustration of a representative SCADA network. Note that firewall protection (see chapter 9) would normally be placed between the Internet and the business system and between the business system and the MTU. 

Internal combustion engine International Space Station International Ultraviolet Explorer Internet file transfer and tracking Internet and the World Wide Web Interstellar matter Interval... 

For practical applications, digital signatures are one of the two most important cryptologic primitives. In particular with the rise of electronic conunerce on the Internet and the World Wide Web, they may become even more important than the better-known schemes for message secrecy. 

In addition to the revolutionary advancement of computers and telecommunications, the Internet and the World Wide Web revolutionized our daily lives and led us into the new Information Age. Computers connected to the Internet are often referred to as the Internet appliances. An appliance, by a colloquial definition, is an essential equipment or machinery for our daily living and is usually part of a furnished apartment in many Western countries. The typical appliances include refrigerator, conventional oven, microwave oven, washing machine and clothes dryer, and wall-mounted television set. 

An extensive compendium of software for computational chemistry appeared in Volume 7 of Reviews in Computational Chemistry. That compendium also had information about the Internet and the World Wide Web. We forego an appendix in this volume to allow more room for chapters. However, periodically in future volumes we will provide updated compendia. In the meantime, the compendium of Volume 7 can serve as a handy guide. 

More broadly, transorganizational ISs form a major element of most organizations electronic commerce initiatives. The Internet and the World Wide Web have been tremendous facilitators of... 

Computer networking in industrial engineering is an invaluable tool for establishing and maintaining reliable and efficient operation and thus competitiveness. By utilizing the possibilities provided by the Internet and the World Wide Web, industrial enterprises can achieve results that earlier were impossible even to imagine. 

Revolutionary versus Evolutionary Designs Will the Internet, and the virtual prototypes, choice-boards and toolkits it spawns, make firms more likely to emphasize rapid evolutionary designs (e.g., to present an ever changing web experience) If so, how might this impact more fundamental revolutionary innovation Could reliance on an e-commerce strategy actually make firms more vulnerable to attack by disruptive technologies ... 

Along with the increasing use of microcomputers, there has also been an increase in the need for trained workers because companies need to be able to share information. This need for sharing information was one of the driving forces in the development of the Internet and the client-server model common to Web architecture that now allows workers to share files and access centralized databases. 

Wollinsky, Art. The History of the Internet and the World Wide Web. Berkeley Heights, N.J. Enslow, 1999. 

Ten years and two editions later, this situation has changed little. Continuing changes, both in information technology and in the regulatory and professional context within which it operates, make a new edition of the book desirable, while the success of the previous editions and the generous reception they received from reviewers make such an effort worthwhile. The most obvious of the changes that affect the book is the development of the Internet and the World-Wide Web. It is hard to believe that, only five... 

EDI is computer to computer direct transfer of business data through electronic media between organizations and partners. It helps real-time information exchange between locations far apart and enables significant reduction in lead time and improves the accuracy of shared data. Despite being relatively unheralded, in this era of technologies such as XMLservices, the Internet and the World Wide Web, EDI is stiU the data format used by the vast majority of electronic commerce transactions in the world. 

Sherman, C. and G. Price. 2001. The Invisible Web Uncovering Information Sources Search Engines Can t See. Medford, NJ Information Today. Chapters give a history of the Internet and the visible Web. The contents include all kinds of searching possibilities, numerous suggestions of Web sources arranged topically, and a detailed index. 

As with many of my predecessors and many colleagues, I have come to the conclusion that the main line of defense against the multiheaded foe we call corrosion is by increasing awareness through education and training. In our modern world some of that training can be provided by various routes that are readily accessible almost anywhere via the Internet or the Web. However, textbooks and reference documents remain as precious today as they were a century ago when they were the main source of distributing information. 

Although the internet and various Web 2.0 frameworks have allowed a pooling of labor power from all over the world, the projects created by cloud collaboration... 

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