Data sharing

There are undoubtedly a large number of other end points, at the specific and mechanistic levels, that require both data and modeling in the future to make QSAR a truly useful science for the prediction of drug toxicity. It is to be hoped that such data will become available in the not-too-distant future, perhaps through data-sharing facilities such as VITIC [105]. 

Data Lockout Data Retention Data Archiving Data Sharing... 

Sharp and Dohme, RS/1 is used at several different laboratories in the U.S., Canada, the U.K. and continental Europe to share data. A large VAX installation supports users in different sites through a computer network. Collaborative projects between different laboratories, using data shared through the central system, have become common. 

Besides, publications of rivers runoff and ratio in wet and dry season are usually out of data or average values, which have been changed greatly by human in past decades. To this day, we can t get exact runoff data for different departments data share difficulty. 

Data sharing with law enforcement agencies Veterinary reporting Reporting of workplace absenteeism Reporting from pharmacies Control of Property Right of access to suspicious premises Emergency closure of facilities... 

The earliest mainframe-based systems were written as monolithic applications manipulating data shared across all the application procedures. Internal procedures could rarely be considered encapsulated they typically operated on shared data, making composition at that level difficult and error-prone. The only visible interface was to an external dumb terminal, and the nature of the interface was primitive paint to the terminal screen and read character commands from the keyboard. 

Connectors How do connectors (connections between components) work—as function calls, messages on wires, data shared between threads, or some other way If there are different kinds of connectors, what are they, and how do their implementations differ ... 

If a substance is not listed in EINECS and not included in the scope of the DSD, it is considered to be new and a prospective EU supplier has to notify it, unless an exemption applies, as discussed below. It is also possible that the substance has already been notified and there is an obligation to make a data-sharing enquiry (DSE) to find out it there is another notification already in place. The aim of the exercise is to reach an agreement to share the notification studies, in the interests of animal welfare. Some countries make data sharing mandatory for animal studies. 

DSE Data-sharing enquiry OSOR One substance, one registration... 

CSB investigators determined that the surveyed companies share data of a general nature for most chemicals (i.e., data typically found on an MSDS) and good handling practices for some. This typically does not inclide reactive chemical test data. Several reasons were given for the absence of substantial data sharing, including ... 

Physician Insurers Association of America, Statistical data from the PIAA cumulative data sharing report, January 1, 1985-December 31, 1999, as reported in Reporter, Texas Medical Liability Trust, 1-8, September/October 1999. 

To reduce testing on vertebrate animals, data sharing is required for smdies on such animals. For other tests, data sharing is required on request. 

Noble metal catalysts High yields of synthesis gas were reported for the partial oxidation of methane over nearly all noble metal catalysts (Pd, Rh, Ru, Pt, Ir) [110]. The observed performances (degree of methane conversion and yields of CO and H2) vary with the catalyst and the operating conditions but all reported data share these common features (i) no carbon deposition is observed (Claridge and co-workers [135]... 

Finally, centralized laboratories are a significant step toward the eventual goal of hmited data sharing. Currently... 

CDD Collaborative Drug Discovery Repository of small-molecule libraries of more than 300,000 compounds derived from patents, literature, and high-throughput screening data shared by academic and pharmaceutical laboratories tested against M. tuberculosis preliminary public antimalarial database from multiple sources on 30,000 public compounds (https //www.collaborativedrug.com/pages/public access)... 

CDD also has Projects functionality that enhances the capability to share research data securely using CDD (Fig. 3). This enables users of CDD to organize their data within a vault into projects and invite individual vault members to be able to access specific projects, allowing for more flexible data sharing and... 

Another challenge in the development of mechanism-based models is data ownership and information distribution. As the pharmaceutical industry is a highly competitive area, the information-sharing philosophy of the pharmaceutical companies is improvable. Hopefully, future liaisons and partnerships will improve the data-sharing between various institutions like companies, regulatory agencies, and academia. 

---