International Standardization Organization reference materials

ISO GUIDE 34 1996) Quality system guidelines for the production of reference materials. (Revised March 1998 as ISO/REMCO document No 464 General requirements for the competence of reference material producers . The revised Guide 34 will appear early 2000.) International Standards Organization, Geneva. 

ISO GUIDE 35 (1989) Certification of reference materials - General and statistical principles. International Standards Organization, Geneva. 

Several national and international consensus standards organizations, such as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the International Standards Organization (ISO) have adopted a reference standard extraterrestrial spectral distri bution (ASTM E490 00a), and terrestrial reference spectral distributions for direct beam and total hemispherical (on a 37° tilted south facing surface) spectra at a pre scribed air mass of 1.5 (ASTM G173 03).2,1011... 

The decision of the International Standards Organization (ISO) in 1972 to make 40 C (313.1 K) and 100 C (373.1 K) the reference temperatures has been adopted by the American Petroleum Institute (API), the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) effective in 1978. The user of published viscosity data must therefore be alert to the existence of two sets of reference temperatures. 

The International Standards Organization (ISO) has defined a reference material as a material or substance one or more properties of which are sufficiently well established to be used for the calibration of a method, or for assigning values to materials. The ISO definition of a certified reference material is a reference material one or more of whose property values are certified by a technical procedure, accompanied by or traceable to a certificate or other documentation that is issued by a certifying body. 

Testing of materials is governed by standards. We shall often refer below to those of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), West Conshohocken, PA. However, as national economies become more and more connected into a global economy, the use of standards defined by the International Standards Organization (ISO) is on the increase. In Table 24.2 we list several ISO and ASTM tests. 

ISO Guide 30 (1992) Terms and definitions used in connection with reference Materials. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva. 

Stoepplbr M and Zeisler R, eds. (1993) Biological environmental specimen banking. A collection of papers presented at the ist International Symposium on Biological Environmental Specimen Banking. Vienna, Austria, 22-25 September 1991. Sci Total Environ, Vols. 139 and 140. Tanner JT (1984) The FDA-IFC infant formula methods study and standards for organic nutrients. In Wolf WR, ed. Biological Reference Materials, pp 197-205. John Wiley Sons. 

In Tables 6.3 and 6.4 RMs of three major producers are mentioned, i.e. the World Health Organization (WHO, International Standards), BCR (European Union, CRMs) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, USA, SRMs). Some important national producers of clinical reference materials are the Chemicals and Inspection Testing Institute (CITI, Japan), National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC, UK), and Deutsche Gesellschaft fiir Klinische Chemie (DGKC). There are numerous commercial producers of secondary reference materials. 

Potts PJ, Kane JS (1992) Terminology for geological reference material values A proposal to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), producers and users. Geostds Newslett 16 333-341. 

Institut de Recherches de la Siderurgie, France International Organization for Standardization ISO Council Committee on Reference Materials International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry Laboratory of the Government Chemist, UK, formerly NPL National Bureau of Standards, USA, now NIST National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, USA National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, UK Japanese National Institute for Environmental Studies National Institute of Occup. Health, Oslo, Norway National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, formerly NBS,... 

ISO Guide 33 (1989) International Organization for Standardization, Use of certified reference materials. Genova... 

Reference Materials - General and Statistical Principles for Certification , ISO Guide 35, International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Geneva, Switzerland, 2006. 

European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (Belgium) International Organization for Standardization International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry liquid chromatography... 

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION, Terms and Definitions used in Connections with Reference Materials - ISO Guide 30, Geneva, ISO, 1992. 

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