Global economy

The development of a new drug is both a time-consuming and a cost-intensive process. It takes 12 to 15 years and costs up to 800 million to bring a new drug to the market. As measured by the market capitalization, the pharmaceutical companies play a pivotal role in the global economy. In February 2003 Pfizer was ranked at position five worldwide, with a market capitalization of 163 billion. Ranking third as far as the market capitalization in Europe is concerned was GlaxoSmithKline, with a current value of 101 billion. Novartis was number five in Europe with 82 billion. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1997). EPA s Revised Particulate Matter Standards. Pact Sheet (July). Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office. Utility Data Institute. (1995). UDI Sees Electricity Demand Surging with Global Economy. Wind Energy Weekly o. 648 (May 29). 

Quality of food products and the ability to guarantee the quality of a food product is becoming increasingly important in a global economy where there are multiple sources for the food product. This need to measure, control and guarantee quality has resulted in an emphasis to develop more analytical techniques/sensors to measure a product for both external and internal quality. Consider quality evaluation of fresh fruits and vegetables. 

Currently, in the global economy, products are manufactured in one part of the world, used in another part and there is little knowledge about where these products will be disposed of. Most consumer products contain a large variety of chemical additives, in many cases, new substances, since they are poorly studied. This together with the lack of knowledge about the additives used, cause concern about the impact of these additives on human health and the environment. 

Barrientos, S. (2002). Mapping codes through the value chain from researcher to detective , in Corporate Responsibility and Labour Rights Codes of Conduct in the Global Economy Jenkins, R., Pearson, R. and Seyfang, G. Earthscan, London and Stirling, VA, 61-76. 

There is a growing number of studies that investigate the possible impacts of high oil prices on the global economy, see for instance (IMF, 2000 IEA, 2004 Greene and Ahmad, 2005 Hirsch et al., 2005). 

IEA (International Energy Agency) (2004). Analysis of the Impact of High Oil Prices on the Global Economy. Paris OECD/IEA. 

IMF (International Monetary Fund) (2000). The Impact of Higher Oil Prices on the Global Economy. IMF. www.imf.org. 

The global economy today is driven by politics and not by the global market converting energy supplies into a national security issue with energy independence becoming a top priority of every nation. 

The bio-fuels industry development shows that transforming food into fuel could lead the world economy into the potential for social unrest, leaving the global economy in the hands of politics and not in the hands of the global market. 

Materials with controlled pore sizes and functionality, particularly in three dimensions would have many uses (53-59). Numerous totally inorganic microporous and mesoporous materials have been subject of thousands of papers, and applications of the former (e.g., zeolites) have a sizable impact on the global economy at present (myriad uses from production of gasoline to a host of chemicals) (60-66). However, the use... 

When asked if there is a need to increase the representation of African Americans in chemistry, especially in the context of the supply and demand debate, 98% of the interviewees answered affirmatively. Most interviewees cited the following reasons (1) untapped talent pool (2) need for the acquisition of technical skills to be competitive in the twenty-first century workforce (3) highly respected field (4) future leaders for a global economy (5) need for a critical mass to serve as more diversity and (6) need for mentors and role models. Illustrative comments are presented below. 

The primary objective of laboratory personnel is to prodnce qnality resnlts that are mutually accepted. The harmonization of the laboratories to the CLP principles will benefit the global economy by the avoidance of the technical barriers to trade and the duplication of analytical determinations. In addition, CLP will improve the quality of life via the protection of human health and the enviromnent. 

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