Smart card

Electrically conductive adhesives are being used to interconnect flip-chip devices in smart cards resulting in thinner and smaller structures. Flip-chip silicon devices that have been thinned to several mils maybe connected to a substrate with silver-filled paste epoxy or with anisotropic film adhesive instead of solder, then embedded and laminated to form a card that is less than 40-mils thick. Requirements for adhesives used in smart cards, in many respects, are more severe than those for other commercial applications. Besides having to withstand high humidity and temperature extremes, smart cards must take the continued abuse of human handling, repeated bending, exposure to human sweat and salt residues, and exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. 

The reliability of these cards has been reported to be quite good. VTT Electronics reported extended bend cycles up to 17,500 at which point the card plastic fractured, but electrical interconnects were still sound. 

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For smart cards, micro-robots and small precision instruments, thin laminated micro-cells are being developed. Some of these developmental thin-film devices—using an electrolyte of lithium, a copper cathode, and lithium again for the electrode—can charge and discharge up to 3 volts, and can be expected to tolerate up to 1,000 charge-and-discharge cycles. 

The majority of electrochemical cells to have been constructed are based on PEO, PAN, or PVdF [101]. Recently, the Yuasa Corporation have commercialized solid polymer electrolyte batteries, primarily for use in devices such as smart cards, ID cards, etc. To date, the batteries which have been manufactured and marketed are primary lithium batteries based on a plasticized polymer electrolyte, but a similar secondary battery is expected [120]. 

Smart cards in the form of SIM cards for mobile (cell) telephones contain chip modules, and UV radiation curable epoxies have been shown to offer advanfages in fhe encapsulation of these vital components. ... 

UV curable flexo ink for RFID antennas Radio frequency identification (RFID) devices and contactless smart cards are capable of uniquely identifying an individual or object when they are interrogated by an external radio frequency signal. Recently, a process of printing with the use of UV curable conductive flexo inks has been introduced. The inks are based on polyfunctional acrylates with silver flakes added for the electrical conductivity. The advantages of these inks are ... 

Prismatic 9 V three-cell batteries, and 6 V two-cell ultrathin batteries are also manufactured. The former is designed as a high capacity replacement for aqueous zinc primaries and the latter for smart cards. 

Case study based on early certified products of Philips smart card In conclusion, the visualization of the generics/components and their relationships (beside the existing correspondence matrices), and improved evidence material management were implemented. 

The number of features in the maximal feature vector, of order of hundreds of thousands, is too big to be useful in practice, due to such issues like data transmission through the net, data storage in databases, templates comparison made in smart card processors or biometric standalone devices, etc. To reduce the number of features, we will look for a feature vector that leads to minimum sample equal error rate determined on available iris images database. 

The complexity of PKI can be partly avoided by simplifying some processes connected with issuing certificates and by automating others. If users are provided with smart cards, where a key pair with all relevant certificates is installed, it reminds the user of procedures they are already... 

Organic thin film transistors are fabricated with a low-temperature process. It is therefore possible to fabricate TFT arrays for flat panel displays in a low cost process. The substrates are low-cost and flexible such as polyethylene terepthalate (PET). The low cost, large area TFT arrays can be used for many applications, e.g. electronic paper, smart cards and remotely updateable posters and notice boards. Currently the amorphous-silicon-on-glass technology is used for such applications. This technology is very expensive. These applications will only become popular in marketplace if the cost of production is substantially reduced. This is the driving force for the R D effort in organic TFTs. 

Smart cards/novelty consumer products/ "consumables" disposable electronics Organic conductors. Under development. 

What the Signatory Has. Here, approvals are issued by the use of a smart card or other object containing encoded identifying information. 

That portable patient medication records such as the smart card be developed. 

That smart cards be introduced to facilitate monitoring and that pharmacy computer systems be programmed to handle problems of the elderly. 

Chau89 David Chaum Privacy Protected Payments - Unconditional Payer and/or Payee Untraceability SMART CARD 2000 The Future of IC Cards, IFIP WG 11.6 International Conference 1987, North-Holland, Amsterdam 1989, 69-93. 

Fitz89 Karen Fitzgerald The quest for intruder-proof computer systems Encryption, smart cards, and fingerprint readers are among the tools employed by organizations requiring data security IEEE spectrum 26/8 (1989) 22-26. 

Schn91 Claus P. Schnorr Efficient Signature Generation by Smart Cards Journal of Cryptology 4/3 (1991) 161-174. 

There are three aspects of security physical security (e.g., locks for buildings, badge access to secure rooms), logical security (e.g., passwords for computers or networks, smart cards), and operational policies and procedures (e.g., oath of office, management approval). Adequately protecting assets and assuring personal privacy requires attention. 

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