Automation techniques

Since transition-structure calculations are so sensitive to the starting geometry, a number of automated techniques for finding reasonable starting geometries have been proposed. One very useful technique is to start from the reactant and product structures. 

Each of the fields V, E, and B can be varied by itself to examine metastable ions and their connections, but with modern automated techniques it is better to use linked scanning. 

Conduct exploratory and engineering activities in the methods and technology of manufacture as applied to assigned commodities and their components, materials and ancillary equipment except projectile metal parts which are the responsibility of Frank ford Arsenal, and specified elements of chemical items which are the re-sponsibility of Edge wood Arsenal. This is to include support of plant/facilities modernization within ARMCOM, abatement of environmental contamination caused by manufacturing processes and exploitation of automation techniques... 

Traditional permeability tests are time-consuming and subject to some uncertainties (4). In the present paper, we describe an automated technique for determining the filtrability of fairly dilute suspensions, which can give useful information, on the behaviour of polymeric flocculants. 

Experiments to determine specific resistance, based on Equation 7, have usually been carried out by some form of vacuum filtration. These methods are time-consuming and subject to error. More rapid techniques such as the measurement of capillary suction time (CST) can be used (8), although these do not give absolute values of specific resistance. Nevertheless, the CST method is very useful for rapidly obtaining comparative data on the flocculation of fairly concentrated suspensions by polymers (9). In the present work, specific resistance has been determined by an automated technique, which will be described below. 

The advent of automation techniques moved high-throughput ADME screening from individual test tube to multiwell plates. The use of 96- and 384-well plates produced a data explosion and the need to capture, store, and mine data so that it can be used effectively. A database for storing and... 

Automation does not always remove the problems of time and effort associated with manual methods. A critical evaluation of both the manual methods to be replaced and the automated alternative should be made before embarking on a new scheme. New, improved, and rapid methods described in the literature may not always be appropriate [366]. The following is a summary of the most common automation techniques. 

Throughout the years, my experience in the use, design and development of instrumental and automated techniques has been extremely wide. 

Automated Techniques in Lipid Chemistry Gerald Kessler... 

Genomics, functional genomics and proteomics, with their enabfing technologies (biological and biochemical methods, instrumentation, automation techniques and databases), are revolutionizing research in biology and pharmaceutical and medical fields. 

Several layers of dry, continuous-strand mat, woven roving, or cloth called preform are placed in the bottom half of a two-part mold, either by a hand-layup or by an automated technique (see Figure 7.90). The mold is closed, and a catalyzed liquid... 

In situ frequency dependent electromagnetic-impedence measurements provide a sensitive, convenient, automated technique to monitor the changes in macroscopic cure processing properties and the advancement of the reaction in situ in the fabrication tool. This chapter discusses the instrumentation, theory, and several applications of the techniques, including isothermal cure, complex time—temperature cure, resin film infusion, thick laminates, and smart, automated control of the cure process. 

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