Insoluble organic solid

Solid phase synthesis is a polymer-supported or solid-supported synthesis, i.e., stepwise construction of product molecules attached to an insoluble organic or inorganic polymer. 

A compound whose solubility increases with temperature can be purified by recrystallization. The impure solid is dissolved in a minimum volume of hot water. The hot solution is filtered to remove insoluble impurities, and then the solution is cooled in an ice bath. The solubility of the compound decreases as the temperature drops, causing the substance to precipitate from solution. Soluble impurities usually remain in solution. Purification by recrystallization is not restricted to aqueous solutions. An organic solid can be purified by recrystallization from an appropriate organic solvent. 

FIG. 1 Reaction systems containing organic solvent, and corresponding theoretical concentration profiles for water insoluble substrate. solid biocatalyst organic phase aqueous phase or biocatalyst dissolved in aqueous phase. 

Comparatively, the modified reduction-flotation system will have lower annual total cost (amortized capital cost plus O M cost) and will require less space, because the flotation unit is very shallow in depth and thus can be elevated. It is expected, however, that the treatment efficiency of the modified system will be higher due to the fact that the DAF clarifier can separate not only the suspended solids but also organics such as oil and grease, detergent, and so on.57-58-61 Conventional sedimentation clarifiers can separate only insoluble suspended solids. 

Granular activated carbon (GAC) and peat adsorption are two tertiary wastewater filtration processes using GAC and peat, respectively, as the media for removing not only insoluble suspended solids, but also dissolved organic solids.8 Tables 7.14 and 7.15 report the adsorption efficiencies for... 

Cody, G., Alexander, C.M. O. D. and Tera, F. (2002) Solid state ( H and 13C) NMR spectroscopy of the insoluble organic residue in the Murchison meteorite a self-consistent quantitative analysis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66, 1851-1865. 

It is well known that surfactants dissolved in aqueous solutions serve to enhance the solubility of ordinarily insoluble organic compounds, both solids and liquids. This phenomenon, commonly referred to as solubilization (ref. 501), has important commercial applications and as a consequence, has been the subject of considerable research (for reviews see ref. 450,502-504). Yet, as King and co-workers point out (ref. 501,505,506), less well known is the long-recognized fact that micellar solutions of surfactants are also capable of solubilizing gases (and vapors of low-molecular-weight compounds) in much the same manner as... 

Synonyms and trade names propenamide, acrylic amide, acrylagel thylene-carboxamide, amresco acryl-40, optimum Use and exposure Acrylamide is an organic solid of white, odorless, flakelike crystals. The crystalline monomer is a colorless-to-white, free-flowing crystal that is very soluble in water, alcohol, and ether and insoluble in... 

Currently, liquid-solid HPLC is used extensively for the separations of relatively nonpolar, water-insoluble organic compounds with molecular masses that are less than about 5000. A particular strength of adsorption chromatography, which is not shared by other methods, is its ability to resolve isomeric mixtures such as meta and para substituted benzene derivatives. 

Similar differences in the surfactant nature of soluble and insoluble species can be found in studies of foam stability. Broadly speaking, insoluble or solid-type surfactants do not efficiently stabilise foams (Garrett, 1967b). On the other hand, water-soluble surfactants such as the alkyl sulphonates, phosphates and tri-alkyl ammonium salts, all common detergents, form prolific foams. Wilson (1959) noted the accumulation of albuminoid-N compoimds in coastal sea foams, while Southward (1953), who found a variety of planktonic and benthic oi anisms in such foams, concluded that proteins were probably responsible for the foam stability. Wilson and Collier (1972) have observed the production of such foam-stabilising events in appreciable quantities by various marine organisms such as diatoms. 

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