Insects Apis mellifera

Premier, C., Mach, L., Glossl, J. and Marz, L. (1992) The antigenicity of the carbohydrate moiety of an insect glycoprotein, honey-bee (Apis mellifera) venom phospholipase A2. The role of al,3-fucosylation of the asparagine-bound IV-acetylglucosamine. Bio chemicalJournal 284, 377-380. 

Adverse effects of fenvalerate on survival of terrestrial arthropods were observed at 0.002 to 0.015 pg whole-body topical application, O.llkg/ha aerial application, 5.4 mg/kg in the soil, 50 mg/kg in the diet, and 1.4 g/ant mound (Table 20.4). Synthetic pyrethroids are more effective in biological systems at low temperatures. The relative sensitivity of insects when compared with mammals is attributed in part to this negative temperature coefficient. Thus, warm-blooded animals are less affected than insects and other poikilotherms (Klaassen etal. 1986). Fenvalerate, for example, showed a negative correlation between temperature and toxicity to crickets (Acheta pennsylvanicus), being up to 1.9 times more toxic at 15°C than at 32°C (Harris etal. 1981). A similar case is made for honey bees (Apis mellifera) (Mayer et al. 1987) and for many species of aquatic invertebrates and fish (Mayer 1987). 

Plettner E., Slessor K. N. and Winston M. L. (1998) Biosynthesis of mandibular acids in honey bees (Apis mellifera) de novo synthesis, route of fatty acid hydroxylation and caste selective 8-oxidation. Insect Biochem. Molec. Biol. 28, 31-42. 

Ledoux M. N., Winston M. L., Higo H., Keeling C. I., Slessor K. N. and LeConte Y. (2001) Queen and pheromonal factors influencing comb construction by simulated honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) swarms. Insectes Soc. 48, 14—20. 

Moritz R. F. A., Crewe R. M. and Hepburn H. R. (2002) Queen avoidance and mandibular gland secretion of honeybee workers (Apis mellifera L.). Insectes Soc. 49 86-91. 

Simon U. E., Moritz R. F. A. and Crewe R. M. (2001) The ontogenetic pattern of mandibular gland components in queenless worker bees (Apis mellifera capensis Esch.). J. Insect Physiol. 47, 735-738. 

Schneider R. W. S., Price B. A. and Moore P. A. (1998b) Antennal morphology as a physical filter of olfaction temporal tuning of the antennae of the honeybee, Apis mellifera. J. Insect Physiol. 44, 677-684. 

Giurfa M. (1993) The repellent scent-mark of the honeybee Apis mellifera ligustica and its role as communication cue during foraging. Insect. Soc. 40(1), 59-67. 

According to Portuguese law (Law-Decree n° 214/2003, September 18), honey is defined as a "natural sweet substance, produced by Apis mellifera bees, from the nectar of plants, secretions of its living parts or from the excretion of sucking insects of plants."... 

Guidugli-Lazzarini, K.R., do Nascimento, A.M., Tanaka, E.D., Piulachs, M.D., Hartfelder, K., Bitondi, M.G. and Simoes, Z.L. (2008). Expression analysis of putative vitellogenin and lipophorin receptors in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) queens and workers. J. Insect Physiol., 54, 1138-1147. 

Despite the importance of such pheromones for the understanding of insect sociality, very little is yet known about them (Le Conte and Hefetz, 2008). So far, in only one species (i.e. the honeybee), has it been shown that a pheromone emitted by a reproductive prevents worker reproduction. In the honeybee, Apis mellifera, it has been suggested that the queen mandibular pheromone (QMP) causes worker ovarian inhibition (Butler and Fairey, 1963). 

Bee (Centris adani, female attractant Panurgas banksianus, male attractant) honey bee Apis mellifera, trail pheromome (OD-R) [antiseptic, insect attractant]... 

Table 9.13 Number and class distribution of insect glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), and carboxyl/cholinesterases (CCEs) from Drosophila melanogaster, Anopheles gambiae, and Apis mellifera...

Benton R, Vannice KS, Vosshall LB (2007) An essential role for a CD36-related receptor in pheromone detection in Drosophila. Nature 450 289-293 Blenau W, Baumann A (2001) Molecular and pharmacological properties of insect biogenic amine receptors lessons from Drosophila melanogaster and Apis mellifera. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 48 13-38... 

Thompson HM, Wilkins S, Battersby AH, Waite RJ, Wilkinson D. 2005. The effects of four insect growth-regulating (igr) insecticides on honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colony development, queen rearing and drone sperm production. Ecotoxicology 14 757-769. 

BOWDEN, R.M., WILLAMSON, S., BREED, M.D., Floral oils their effect on nestmate recognition in the honeybee. Apis mellifera. Insectes Sociaux, 1998, 45, 209-214. 

MARFAING, P., ROUAULT, J. LAFFORT, P., Effect of the concentration and nature of olfactory stimuli on the proboscis extension of conditioned honeybees (Apis mellifera ligustica). J. Insect Phys., 1989, 35, 949-955. 

McPartland et al. (2001) did not detect AEA in brains dissected from the honeybee (Apis mellifera) or in heads of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Perhaps the lack of AEA in insects evolved from a relative paucity of AA. Insects produce very litde AA (Stanley-Samuelson and Pedibhoda, 1996), in contrast to invertebrates that do not molt (such as sea urchius, mollusks, and hydra). Salivary glands of the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum) contained no measurable amoimts of AEA unless they were stimnlated with AA (Fezza et al., 2003). 

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