Amblyomma americanum

Haggart DA, David EE (1981) Neurons Sensitive to 2,6-Dichlorophenol on the Tarsi of the Tick Amblyomma americanum (Acari Ixodidae). J Med Entomol 18 187... 

McPartland et al. (2001) did not detect AEA in brains dissected from the honeybee (Apis mellifera) or in heads of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Perhaps the lack of AEA in insects evolved from a relative paucity of AA. Insects produce very litde AA (Stanley-Samuelson and Pedibhoda, 1996), in contrast to invertebrates that do not molt (such as sea urchius, mollusks, and hydra). Salivary glands of the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum) contained no measurable amoimts of AEA unless they were stimnlated with AA (Fezza et al., 2003). 

Dichlorophenol has been isolated from the females of two species of ticks Amblyomma americanum And A. maculatum)y where it apparently serves as a sex attractant. Each female tick yields about 5 ng of 2,6-dichlorophenol. Assume that you need larger quantities than this and outline a synthesis of 2,6-dichlorophenol from phenol. Hint. When phenol is sulfonated at 100 °C, the product is chiefly /)-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid.)... 

Used as a sex hormone by the lone startiok Amblyomma americanum... 

Additional histamine-binding proteins were putatively identified by characterization of cDNAs prepared from mRNAs of salivary glands of /. scapularis (5(f) and Amblyomma americanum (51). As genomic and proteomic studies of tick salivary glands progress additional molecules that modulate these important mediators will certainly be described. 

Two species of ticks Amblyomma americanum (Plate 14) and A. macu-latum) were found to use the unusual 2,6-dichlorophenol (Figure 8.10) as... 

Dolan MC, Jordan RA, Schulze TL, Schulze CJ, Manning MC, Ruffolo D, Schmidt JP, Piesman J, Karchesy JJ. Ahihty of two natural products, nootkatone and carvacrol, to suppress Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari Ixodidae) in a lyme disease endemic area of New Jersey. J. Econ. Entomol 2009 102 2316-2324. 

J. F. Carroll, G. Paluch, J. R. Coats, and M. Kramer, Elemol znAAmyris oil repel the ticks Ixodes scapu-laris and Amblyomma americanum (Acari Ixodidae) in laboratory assays. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 51 383-392, 2010. 

R. A. Jordan et al. Efficacy of plant-derived and synthetie eompounds on clothing as repellents against Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari Ixodidae). JMed Entomol, 49,101,2012. 

J. F. Carroll, C. L. Cantrell, J. A. Klun, and M. Kramer, Repellency of two terpenoid compounds isolated from Callicarpa americana (Lamiaceae) against Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum ticks, Exp. Appl. AcaroL, 41 215-224, 2007. 

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