Mandibular gland secretion

Akita and Ohta disclosed one of the earliest Sonogashira reactions of chloropyrazines and their A-oxides [24, 25]. The union of 2-chloro-3,6-dimethylpyrazine (23) and phenylacetylene led to 2,5-dimethyl-3-phenylethynylpyrazine (29). Subsequent Lindlar reduction of adduct 29 then delivered (Z)-2,5-dimethyl-3-styrylpyrazine (30), a natural product isolated from mandibular gland secretion of the Argentine ants, Iridomyrmex humilis. 

Moritz R. F. A., Crewe R. M. and Hepburn H. R. (2002) Queen avoidance and mandibular gland secretion of honeybee workers (Apis mellifera L.). Insectes Soc. 49 86-91. 

Schmidt, J.O., McDaniel, C. A., and Simon Thomas, R.T. (1990). Chemistry of male mandibular gland secretions of Philanthus triangulum. J. Chem. Ecol., 16, 2135-2143. 

Males of the carpenter bee, Xylocopa hirutissima, establish and defend territories that are located proximate to projecting trees on mountain tops (146). These territories are maintained by a mandibular gland secretion that contains, as a major constituent, the cis-lactone of 2-methyl-5-hydroxyhexanoic acid (XXXVIII) (147). 

Flight Initiation Pheromones. The mating flights of many species of carpenter ants are initiated by male mandibular gland secretions (148). These chemical stimulators of female flight appear to constitute relatively species-specific blends of compounds that are dominated by compounds such as 2,4-dimethyl -2-hexenoic acid, methyl 6-methyl salicylate (XXXIV), methyl anthranilate (XXXIX), 10-methyldodecanoic acid, and the lactone mellein (XL) (149, 150). Recently, the sex-specific blend of... 

A mixture of honey and pollen is called bee-bread and is the food for most larvae and bees. Future queens are fed with large quantities of royal jelly which is similar to bee-bread but contains more mandibular gland secretions and more honey (34 percent vs. 12 percent) [4]. 

Duffield et al. (200) found that Dufour s gland secretion of Svastra obliqua contains a series of 32 aliphatic esters, while according to Bradshaw the mandibular gland secretion of the weaver ant Oecophylla longinoda consists of 33 chemical entities (201, 202),... 

On the other hand, the cephalic secretion of the cleptoparasitic bee Holcopasites calliopsides produces two main substances, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (62) and geranyl acetone (63), whereas the mandibular gland secretion of its host Caliopsis andreniformis contains neral (199) and geranial (200). Thus in this case no evidence was found to support the hypothesis that H. calliopsides uses host mandibular gland secretion as a kairomone to locate C. andreniformis nests (579). 

Corbet, S.A. Mandibular Gland Secretion of the Larvae of the Flour Moth Ana-gasta kuhniella Contains an Epideitic Pheromone and Elicits Movement in Hymen-opteran Parasite. Nature 232, 481-484 (1971). 

Bergstrom, G., J. Tengo, W. Reith, and W. Francke Multicomponent Mandibular Gland Secretions in Three Species of Andrena Bees. (Hym, Apoidea). Z. Naturforsch. 37 C, 1124-1129 (1982). 

Queen substance originally a term for the entire mandibular gland secretion of the queen bee, which contains about 30 substances. It is now the trivial name for 9-oxo-trans-2-decenoic acid. This compound, together with 9-hydroxy-(ranr-2-decenoic acid, is very important as a pheromone for the maintenance of the division of labor within the hive. In the course of caring for the young, the worker bees lick the pheromone mixture off the queen. This causes their ovaries to shrink, and they are inhibited from building queen cells. Larvae in queen cells are not fed honey, but royal jelly, a mixture of pollen and secretions, which does not contain Q. Roy jelly is recommended as a health product, but its effeetiveness is disputed. 

One outstanding question that comes to mind when one describes the role kairomones play in host selection is why the host continues to produce the kairomone. No doubt elimination of the kairomone has occurred many times during the evolution of a parasitoid-host relationship, but proving such an alteration is very difficult. Most, if not all, kairomones probably serve the host in some essential way. For example, the mandibular gland secretion that acts as... 

Corbet, S. A. (1971) Mandibular gland secretion of larvae of the flour moth. Anagasta kuehniella, contains an epideictic pheromone and elicits oviposition movement in a hymenopteran parasite. Nature, 232, 481. 

Mandibular gland secretions of the Colletidae contain blends of monoterpenes. Linalool dominates the mandibular gland secretions of Colletes (Bergstrbm and... 

No compounds have been identified in the mandibular gland secretions of bees belonging to the Halictinae and Nomiinae. In the Dufoureinae, Dufourea novaeangliae has well-developed mandibular glands with a citral-like odor. 

No components haye been identified in the mandibular gland secretions of bees in this family. 

The chemistry of mandibular gland secretions has been studied in two genera of Anthophorinae. Batra and Hefetz (1979) showed that the secretions of male Melissodes denticulata are dominated by a homologous series of saturated and unsaturated butanoates ranging from C,2 to Cjs (even carbon compounds only). However, none of these compounds has been detected in female head extracts, so that it is possible that the chemicals actually came from the cephalic labial glands, which are better developed in males. In contrast, the secretions of... 

Centris adani are dominated by a variety of monoterpenoid alcohols, acids, and acetates (Vinson et al., 1982). Other species of Centris show no detectable mandibular gland secretions. 

The chemistry of queen and worker mandibular gland secretions of the honey bee. Apis mellifera, has been reviewed by numerous authors (Wilson, 1971 Blum and Brand, 1972 Gary, 1974 Blum, 1976 Boch et al., 1979 Costa Leonardo, 1980), so further review here is unnecessary. The distinction between... 

A widespread and perhaps primitive function of the mandibular gland secretions is defense. Bees typically release these chemicals when they are roughly handled. The secretions include chemicals that are common arthropod defensive compounds. When crickets are treated with the mandibular gland compounds of Ceratina, attack by ants is deterred (Wheeler et al., 1977). 2-Heptanone in Apis worker mandibular glands acts as an alarm pheromone in conjunction with sting gland secretions. 

Terpenes and other compounds present in mandibular gland secretions have been established as fungistatic agents (Cole and Blum, 1975) and may function in this manner in the nest cells. 

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