Apis mellifera ligustica

Katzav-Gozansky T., Soroker V., Ionescu A., Robinson G. E. and Hefetz A. (2001b) Task-related chemical analysis of labial gland volatile secretion in worker honeybees (Apis mellifera ligustica). J. Chem. Ecol. 27, 919-926. 

Giurfa M. (1993) The repellent scent-mark of the honeybee Apis mellifera ligustica and its role as communication cue during foraging. Insect. Soc. 40(1), 59-67. 

MARFAING, P., ROUAULT, J. LAFFORT, P., Effect of the concentration and nature of olfactory stimuli on the proboscis extension of conditioned honeybees (Apis mellifera ligustica). J. Insect Phys., 1989, 35, 949-955. 

Two dozen geographic races of the Western honey bee, Apis mellifera, have been recognized, adapted to a range of environments from the cold continental climate of Eastern Europe, through the moist temperate climate of the Atlantic seaboard, the warmth of the Mediterranean, and the heat of the tropics and semi-deserts. Only four of these races need be considered for apiculture in Europe, namely A. m. mellifera, A. m. ligustica, A. m. carnica, and A. m. caucasica which present different morphological and behavioral characteristics [2,3]. 

Marchetti, S., Chiesa, F. and D Agaro, M. (1987). Bee mortality following treatment with perizin in colonies of Apis mellifera carnica X A. m. ligustica. Apicoltura 3,157-172. 

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