Innovation toward

In fact, regulatory drivers are often seen as instrumental in spurring innovation. An assessment by a major aerospace manufacturer of what drives innovation towards safer processes for hazardous waste streams revealed that The regulatory drivers for waste reduction are familiar to most by now, and may be summarised into three categories of legislation 1) inventory reporting, 2) emission reporting, and 3) employee exposure levels. Anticipation of future restrictions was a decisive factor in this project. ... 

The research project Options for viable iimovation systems for successful substitution of hazardous substances (or SubChem, for short) was concerned with the problem of the ability to be innovative and of the direction of iimovation with regard to risk reduction by hazardous substance substitution as part of the programme Framework conditions for innovation towards sustainability funded by... 

This project was sponsored by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research under the funding program Frameworks for Innovation towards Sustainability (RIW) (project number 07RIW) - the authors assume sole responsibility for the contents of this report. 

Department of Science and Technology (DST) (2007a), South Africa. Innovation Towards a Knowledge Based Economy, Ten-Year Plan for South Africa, 2008-2018. 

Go after the long hanging fruit. In the time you have (if any), innovate toward one of the other quadrants. If product innovations wiii take too long or are unavaiiabie (a move to A or C quadrants), redesign your suppiy chain (a move to quadrant B). 

Lundvall, B. A. (1992). National systems of innovation Towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning. London Pinter. 

While the. petrochemical industry has been in a matured state, a new chemical age has emerged to create the third generation of the chemical industry through the various technological innovations towards the 21st century. 

As air pollution management moves forward, economics has a major role in reducing pollution. Multimedia considerations are forcing a blend of traditional emission reduction approaches and innovative methods for waste minimization. These efforts are directed toward full cost accounting of the life cycle of products and residuals from the manufacturing, use, and ultimate disposal of materials. 

Both the wood-based panel industry and the adhesive industry show a high commitment to and great capability towards innovation. The best evidence for this is the considerable diversity of types of adhesives used for the production of wood-based panels. Well-known basic chemicals have been used for a long time for the production of the adhesives and their resins, the most important ones being formaldehyde, urea, melamine, phenol, resorcinol and isocyanate. The greater portion of the currently used adhesive resins and adhesives for wood-based panels is produced with these few raw materials. The how to cook the resins and the how to formulate the adhesive become more and more complicated and sophisticated and are key factors to meet today s requirements of the wood-based panel industry. 

Although pharmacology still relies heavily on small chemical substances, biologicals like recombinant proteins, cell-based therapies, and gene-therapy approaches have great potential for the treatment of broad spectrum of diseases. Therefore, the focus of modem pharmacology should shift towards these innovative therapies. 

In this brief review we illustrated on selected examples how combinatorial computational chemistry based on first principles quantum theory has made tremendous impact on the development of a variety of new materials including catalysts, semiconductors, ceramics, polymers, functional materials, etc. Since the advent of modem computing resources, first principles calculations were employed to clarify the properties of homogeneous catalysts, bulk solids and surfaces, molecular, cluster or periodic models of active sites. Via dynamic mutual interplay between theory and advanced applications both areas profit and develop towards industrial innovations. Thus combinatorial chemistry and modem technology are inevitably intercoimected in the new era opened by entering 21 century and new millennium. 

Both approaches are useful and they are also complementary because it is important to know where a chemical that may be best in its class falls out with respect to hazard. For example, a surfactant that is best in its class will be rapidly biodegradable, but most surfactants have some aquatic toxicity because they are surface active. However, surfactants as a class are typically close to the green end of the hazard spectrum because they tend to have low hazard ratings for most other endpoints. It is also possible to have chemicals that are best in their class but that are still problematic. For example, some dioxin congeners are less toxic than others but one would not presume that a dioxin congener that is best in its class is green . Concurrent use of the best in class approach with the absence of hazard approach is also important because it drives continual advancement within a class toward the ideal green chemistry. Once innovation occurs and a chemical or product is developed that meets the same or better performance criteria with lower hazard, what was once considered best in class shifts. 

If we consider that at least development costs should be reimbursed, an efficient protection system will give rise to a set of broad values. Innovations with development costs x would result in compensation amounting to at least x. Once incurred, development costs are irrecoverable they are sunk costs. Any discontinuity in the relationship between development costs and their reimbursement would give rise to inefficiencies capital would be attracted to a greater or lesser extent towards certain innovative projects. 

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