Axial CT images

Fig. I.76a-c. Omental infarction, a Hyperechoic mass just behind the abdominal wall (arrows), b Axial CT image shows an area of fat stranding indicating inflamed mesenteric fat (arrows), c Another patient. Longitudinal US at the sub-hepatic region shows a hyperechoic mass just underneath the anterior abdominal wall that progressively attenuates the sound suggesting a fat origin (arrows). fi,dilated bowel loops L, liver...

Fig. 1.1. a Digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) produced by a CT scan of a woman prior to receiving Y-microsphere therapy for hepatic metastases originating from breast cancer that had become unresponsive to chemotherapy. The liver (ten), gallbladder (green) and tumor (red) were drawn on axial CT images within radiation therapy software. 

The entire CT volume is rendered as a three-dimensional volume which is viewed from the anterior position. Specific data on the volume of each structure identified can be determined and used in preplanning the activity of microsphere to use for a given patient, b Axial CT image of... 

Fig. 11.2. Nutcracker phenomenon . Axial CT image demonstrates contrast in the distal left renal vein does not extend through narrowed central vein compressed between aorta and SMA. Contrast drained preferentially through retrograde flow in left ovarian vein...

Fig. 4. Axial CT image presents bilateral superior venae cavae (arrows).

Fig. 2.4a,b. Incompetent ileocecal valve a axial CT image (soft tissue window) demonstrates a gaping ileocecal valve (arrow) b coronal reformatted CT image lung window settings shows gas filled and distended loops of small bowel and colon... 

Complex or thickened folds are typically encountered at the splenic and hepatic flexures. Axial CT images might raise the possibility of intraluminal soft tissue masses or tumoral thickened folds. Endo-luminal views are frequently helpful in identifying... 

Fig. 26.4a,b. Axial CT image in a 63-year-old man with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP)/idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) shows bilateral reticular opacities, honeycombing (black arrowheads), and traction bronchiectasis (arrow). In addition, patchy, ground-glass opacities are present (white arrowhead) (a). Acute exacerbation in the same patient shows marked progression of ground-glass opacities (arrowheads) (b)... 

Fig. 26.5a,b. Axial CT image ina61-year-oldmanwithNSIP shows bilateral subpleural irregular linear opacities (arrowhead) and ground-glass opacities (arrow) (a). Follow-up CT... 

Fig. 26.9. RB-ILD. Axial CT image shows centrilobular nodules (thin black arrow), patchy ground-glass opacities (arrowheads), and mild bronchial wall thickening (white arrow). Note discrete paraseptal emphysema (thick black arrow)...

Fig. 26.11. Lymphoid interstitial pnemnonia (LIP) in a 48-year-old woman. Axial CT image shows extensive ground-glass opacities and scattered thin-walled cysts...

Fig. 26.12a,b. Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) in a 58-year-old patient, a Axial CT image shows bilateral ground-glass opacities in a geographic distribution (arrow). Consolidation is seen in the more dependent lung (arrowheads). Small, coexisting bilateral pleural effusions are present, b (see next page)... 

Fig. 26.14a,b. A 31-year-old woman with sarcoidosis, a Axial CT image shows multiple uniformly sized nodules as well as nodular thickening of the interlobar septa and the bronchial walls, b The upper lobe predominance of the nodules can be seen on the coronal CT image... 

Fig. 26.16a,b. Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a 26-year-old man. a Axial CT image demonstrates bilateral, thin-walled cysts of variable size and multiple, ill-defined nod-... 

Fig. 26. 17a,b. A 30-year-old woman with tuberous sclerosis complex, a Axial CT image shows multiple thin-walled cysts in a uniform distribution. The cysts adjacent to the upper right mediastinum tend to conflate (white arrows), b Coronal CT image displays the uniform and bilateral distribution of the cysts throughout both lungs. The lung parenchyma between the cysts is inconspicuous... 

Fig. 26.18a,b. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia in a 37-year-old female with BAL fluid eosinophilia. a Axial CT image obtained 5 days after onset of dyspnea shows peripherally distributed patchy areas of consolidation and ground-glass opacities accompanied by interlobular septal thickening, b Coronal CT image displays the lower lobe predominance of the infiltrates... 

Fig. 26.20. Alveolar proteinosis in 40-year-old man with myelogenous leukemia presenting with cough and dyspnea. Axial CT image displays bilateral geographical areas of ground-glass opacity. Interlobular septa are thickened and within these areas, a fine reticular network of interlobular lines can be seen. These changes are referred to as the typical crazy-paving appearance of alveolar proteinosis...

Fig. 26.21. A 37-year-old man with pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. Axial CT image shows miliary distributed calcified micronodules predominantly located in the middle and lower zones of both lungs. Also note the formation of small subpleural cysts and subpleural emphysema and the formation of the pathognomonic black subpleural line (white arrows)...

Fig. 26.22. Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a 52-year-old man, related to mold exposure. Axial CT image shows patchy ground-glass opacities with associated centrilob-ular nodules (inset magnified view of centrilobular nodules). Also note mild subpleural reticular opacities (black arrowheads) indicating fibrosis, and subtle mosaic attenuation (white arrowhead)...

Fig. 26.24. A 50-year-old woman with interstitial pneumonia (lP)/nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) after bleomycin chemotherapy for Hodgkin s lymphoma. Axial CT image shows irregular linear and reticular opacities (arrowheads) with subtle ground-glass opacities (arrow) in subpleural distribution...

Fig. 26.26. Acute radiation pneiunonitis after treatment of lung cancer. Axial CT image obtained at 4 months after completion of treatment shows paramediastinal ground-glass opacities with sharp lateral margins (arrowheads)...

Fig. 26.27. Axial CT image in a patient with progressive systemic sclerosis shows a mixture of fine reticular and ground-glass opacities (black arrows), associated with mild traction bronchiectasis (white arrow), consistent with a nonspecific interstitial pneumonia pattern. Note esophageal dilatation (arrowheads)...

Fig. 26.28. LIP in a 44-year-old woman with Sjogren s syndrome. Axial CT image shows several thin-walled cysts (white arrowhead), bilateral patchy ground-glass opacities (arrow), and poorly defined centrilobular nodules (black arrowhead)...

Fig. 30.8. Mucinous cystadenoma. The axial CT image shows a unilocular, thin-walled cyst. There was no history of pancreatitis in this patient, which renders diagnosis of a pseudocyst unlikely...

Fig. 30.11a,b. IPMT of the branch duct type, a The axial CT image shows a small cystic lesion in the uncinate process, which cannot be characterized further, b The coronal volume-... 

Fig. 30.14a,b. Malignant neuroendocrine tumor, a The axial CT image shows a large, inhomogeneous, partially hyper-vascular tumor in the pancreatic head, b The coronal MPR shows the tumor and the lack of pancreatic duct obstruction and sub-... 

Fig. 35.1. a Axial CT image and b coronal reconstruction of an 11 -year-old boy with Ollier s disease and multiple osteochondromas of the skeleton. A large osteochondroma is located at the left scapula (arrows). Note also a small osteochondroma the right scapula (small arrow). Due to the thin slices and the possibility of multiplanar reconstructions, the exact location can be determined for planning of surgery... 

Fig 36.2a-g. Image data generated from a dual energy acquisition. a Axial CT image obtained at 80 kVp and 400 mA. In this slim patient, only the left lateral abdominal wall is not included in the 26 cm FOV (arrows), b Axial CT image obtained at 140 kVp and 96 mA. Note the entire abdomen is included in the... 

Guide-wire is sometimes not visualized entirely in the axial CT image. Guide-wire kinking can complicate insertion of the catheter-cannula combination... 

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