Infrared carbon composites

Figure 1. Infrared Images of Carbon Composite Bipolar Plate Material Samples...

During this period, the mechanical properties of the carbon composite bipolar plate material were assessed, including measurements of uniformity and defect distribution by infrared imaging. The results indicate good material uniformity and substantial resistance to torsional stresses. Significant improvement in the wetting of the material was demonstrated after a simple oxidation treatment. 

N.R., Waghmare, P.L., Danali, S.M. and Raha, K.C. (2011) Effect of carbon nano fibrils on burn rate and IR intensity of Mg/Teflon/Viton infrared flare composition. Book of Abstracts, EUROPYRO-2011, Reims, France, May 16-19, p. 59. 

Polyaniline/poly(bisphenol-A-carbonate) composites have been prepared using the materials wherein the electrode is initially dip-coated with the host (PC) polymer. As for the corresponding PPy composite discussed above, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data suggest that the resulting product is not a simple composite but involves H-bonding between the two compounds. 

Instmmental methods of analysis provide information about the specific composition and purity of the amines. QuaUtative information about the identity of the product (functional groups present) and quantitative analysis (amount of various components such as nitrile, amide, acid, and deterruination of unsaturation) can be obtained by infrared analysis. Gas chromatography (gc), with a Hquid phase of either Apiezon grease or Carbowax, and high performance Hquid chromatography (hplc), using siHca columns and solvent systems such as isooctane, methyl tert-huty ether, tetrahydrofuran, and methanol, are used for quantitative analysis of fatty amine mixtures. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (nmr), both proton ( H) and carbon-13 ( C), which can be used for quaHtative and quantitative analysis, is an important method used to analyze fatty amines (8,81). 

Just as in the case for the hydrosphere, the atmosphere participates in all of the major biogeochemical cycles (except for phosphorus). In turn, the chemical composition of the atmosphere dictates its physical and optical properties, the latter being of great importance for the heat balance of Earth and its climate. Both major constituents (O2, H2O) and minor ones (CO2, sulfur, nitrogen, and other carbon compounds) are involved in mediating the amounts and characteristics of both incoming solar and outgoing infrared radiation. 

Carbon dioxide is not the only gas that can influence terrestrial infrared radiation, and infrared absorption is not the only way that composition influences climate. Other gases that are important for their infrared absorption, sometimes known as "greenhouse gases," include CH4, CCI2F2 (CEC-12), CECI3 (CFC-11), N2O, and O3. Taken together these other species are about of equal importance to CO2. That... 

These conclusions from the infrared reflectance spectra recorded with Pt and Pt-Ru bulk alloys were confirmed in electrocatalysis studies on small bimetallic particles dispersed on high surface area carbon powders.Concerning the structure of bimetallic Pt-Ru particles, in situ Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS>XANES experiments showed that the particle is a true alloy. For practical application, it is very important to determine the optimum composition of the R-Ru alloys. Even if there are still some discrepancies, several recent studies have concluded that an optimum composition about 15 to 20 at.% in ruthenium gives the best results for the oxidation of methanol. This composition is different from that for the oxidation of dissolved CO (about 50 at.% Ru), confirming a different spatial distribution of the adsorbed species. 

Li, H. Liu, R. Liu, Y. Huang, H. Yu, H. Ming, H. Lian, S. Lee, S.-T. Kang, Z., Carbon quantum dots/Cu20 composites with protruding nanostructures and their highly efficient (near) infrared photocatalytic behavior.). Mat. Chem. 2012,22 17470-17475. 

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy offers many unique advantages for measurements within an industrial environment, whether they are for environmental or for production-based applications. Historically, the technique has been used for a broad range of applications ranging from the composition of gas and/or liquid mixtures to the analysis of trace components for gas purity or environmental analysis. The instrumentation used ranges in complexity from simple filter-based photometers to optomechanically complicated devices, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. Simple nondispersive infrared (NDIR) insttuments are in common use for measurements that feature well-defined methods of analysis, such as the analysis of combustion gases for carbon oxides and hydrocarbons. For more complex measurements it is normally necessary to obtain a greater amount of spectral information, and so either Ml-spectrum or multiple wavelength analyzers are required. 

Fergusson et al. were the first to report the existence of binary compounds with a general formula Se Sg in these melts. They carried out an extensive investigation by X-ray powder diffraction and by absorption spectroscopy in the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet regions over the whole composition range of molten mixtures of sulfur and selenium cooled down to 20 °C. They also examined phases obtained by recrystallization of the cooled melts from carbon disulfide. All phases were isomorphic with one of the allotropes of Sg and SCg indicating that the structures also consist of cyclic eight-membered molecules ... 

Elemental composition C 42.88%, O 57.12%. Carbon monoxide may be identified and determined quantitatively at low ppm level by infrared sensors. Such CO detectors are commercially available. Also, it can be analyzed by GC using TCD or FID or by GC/MS. The characteristic ion mass for CO identification is 28 (same as N2 or ethylene, both of which can interfere). 

The gases exiting the reactor pass through a Beckman 565 infrared CO2 analyzer, which continuously monitored the production of carbon dioxide. Gas composition analysis was performed on-line using a Hewlett Packard 5890 II gas chromatograph, equipped with both a thermal conductivity and a flame ionization detector and a Porapak-Q column. Additional experimental details are given elsewhere (9). 

---