Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Infants epilepsy

A seizure is an abnormal behavioral (often motoric) activity caused by abnormal electrical activity of the brain. Seizures can be the symptom of a chronic neurological malfunction, i.e. epilepsy, or can appear as single events, e.g. during fever in infants. [Pg.1112]

Epilepsy is a disorder that afflicts approximately 2 million individuals in the United States, with an age-adjusted prevalence of approximately 4 to 7 cases per 1000 persons.1 The incidence of epilepsy in the United States is estimated at 35 to 75 cases per 100,000 persons per year, which is similar to that of other developed countries.2,3 In developing countries, the incidence is higher at 100 to 190 cases per 100,000 persons per year, possibly related to poor health care and prenatal care, increased risk of neurologic trauma, and increased rates of infections. About 8% of the United States population will experience a seizure during their lifetime. New-onset seizures occur most frequently in infants below 1 year of age and in adults after age 55.4 However, the largest number of patients suffering from epilepsy is between the ages of 15 and 64 years. [Pg.444]

Infantile spasms A seizure syndrome that occurs in infants less than 1 year of age. It is characterized by a specific EEG pattern and spasms or jitters and is also known as West s syndrome. Infants with infantile spasms often develop other seizure types and epilepsies later in life. [Pg.447]

A 27-year-o d woman with epilepsy has been taking phenytoin to control her seizures. She is now pregnant, and her physician is considering changing her medication to prevent potential bleeding episodes in the in nt. What biochemical activity might be deficient in the infant if her medication is continued ... [Pg.151]

In assessing the risk benefit ratio, it is also necessary to consider the benefit for the child resulting from adequate therapeutic treatment of its mother. For instance, therapy with antiepileptic drugs is indispensable, because untreated epilepsy endangers the infant at least as much as does administration of anticonvulsants. [Pg.74]

Pregnancy There is an association between use of anticonvulsant drugs by women with epilepsy and an elevated incidence of birth defects in children born to these women. The great majority of mothers receiving anticonvulsant medication deliver normal infants. [Pg.1210]

Another concern in infants of mothers with epilepsy is a serious hemorrhagic disorder that is associated with a high (25-35%) mortality. This probably results from the finding that many AEDs can act as competitive inhibitors of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. The competitive inhibition can be overcome by the administration of oral vitamin K supplements to the mother during the last week or 10 days of pregnancy. [Pg.383]

Kahn NH, Shelton SJ Defensive behaviors in infant rhesus monkeys environmental cues and neurochemical regulation. Science 243 1718-1721, 1989 Kahnowsky LB, Kennedy F Observations in electric shock therapy apphed to problems of epilepsy. J Nerv Ment Dis 98 56-67, 1943 Kampen D, Sherwin B Estrogen use and verbal memory in healthy postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynecol 83 979-983, 1994 Kane JM, Quitkin FM, Rifkin A, et al Lithium carbonate and imipramine in the prophylaxis of unipolar and bipolar 11 illness a prospective placebo-controlled comparison. Arch Gen Psychiatry 39 1065-1069, 1982 Kaneno S, Komatsu H, Fukamauchi F, et al Biochemical basis of antidepressant-effect of low dose of sulpiride. Japanese Journal of Psychiatry and Neurology 45 131-132, 1991... [Pg.669]

Vigabatrin is used as an adjunctive antiepileptic in patients with resistant partial epilepsy with or without secondary generalization, unresponsive to other therapy [2]. Nowadays, vigabatrin is rarely used in the treatment of partial seizures due to several irreversible visual field constrictions associated with its chronic use [57-62], It is regarded by many authorities as a drug of choice in infants with west syndrome (infantile spasms), particularly in cases associated with tuberous sclerosis [62],... [Pg.340]

Although ACTHi 24 is used for diagnostic purposes and for the treatment of epilepsies in babies and infants, drugs specifically targeting presynaptic MC2 receptors are not available. [Pg.427]

Barbiturates are also used in infantile seizures that are not considered epilepsy. These seizures generally occur when an infant has a high fever, and therefore they are called febrile seizures. Phenobarbital is still commonly used to prevent seizures in infants, because scientists do not routinely study new drugs in infants and children. Because phenobarbital is... [Pg.41]

ALFERESIA (Infant s epilepsy) Nervous (7.42%) Old Spanish name used to describe convulsion, usually in children and independently of the origin. [Pg.290]

Based on a retrospective investigation of theophylline-induced convulsions in epileptic children, it was concluded that infants under 1 year of age with epilepsy have a higher risk of theophylline-induced convulsions theophyUine should be avoided in this group (34). [Pg.3364]

The concentrations of topiramate have been measured in plasma and breast milk in five women with epilepsy during pregnancy and lactation (52). The umbilical cord plasma/maternal plasma ratios were close to unity, suggesting extensive transplacental transfer of topiramate. The mean milk/maternal plasma concentration ratio was 0.86 (range 0.67-1.1) at 2-3 weeks after delivery. The milk/maternal plasma concentration ratios at sampling 1 and 3 months after delivery were similar. Two of the breast-fed infants had detectable (>0.9 pmol/l) concentrations of topiramate 2-3 weeks after delivery, although they were below the limit of quantification (2.8 pmol/l), and one had an undetectable concentration. Thus, breastfed infants had very low topiramate concentrations. No adverse effects were observed in the infants. [Pg.3452]

Analogues of the pyrimidine nucleosides have been extensively studied 5-Azacytidine is antileukemic and Ribavirin, an antiviral agent, is used in the treatment of lung infections in infants. Lamotrigine is used for the treatment of epilepsy. Melamine, which on condensation with formaldehyde produces the melamine resins well known in kitchen utensils, is an important industrial intermediate. [Pg.504]

Many women with epilepsy give birth to normal infants. ... [Pg.9]

Many anticonvulsant medications have teratogenic properties that increase the risk for fetal malformations, but many women with epilepsy give birth to normal infants. The nurse should provide the chent with facts. [Pg.19]

A female client with epilepsy can give birth to a normal infant. [Pg.19]

Lactation — The moderate protein-binding profile of FLB suggests that the infant may have measurable plasma concentrations if breast-fed. In addition, safety issues regarding rare aplastic anemia associated with FLB in patients with epilepsy may increase the theoretical risks of breastfeeding. [Pg.240]


See other pages where Infants epilepsy is mentioned: [Pg.248]    [Pg.192]    [Pg.248]    [Pg.248]    [Pg.192]    [Pg.248]    [Pg.262]    [Pg.458]    [Pg.706]    [Pg.690]    [Pg.315]    [Pg.645]    [Pg.1785]    [Pg.113]    [Pg.77]    [Pg.409]    [Pg.416]    [Pg.2638]    [Pg.282]    [Pg.287]    [Pg.287]    [Pg.1105]    [Pg.2874]    [Pg.773]    [Pg.665]    [Pg.681]    [Pg.1034]    [Pg.258]    [Pg.178]    [Pg.872]    [Pg.1347]    [Pg.851]    [Pg.262]   


SEARCH



Epilepsies

Infants

© 2024 chempedia.info