Abnormal behaviors

One way to codify abnormal behavior is the so-called Western Electric rules, which identify cases where a process is out of control ... 

Unlike the other diazanaphthalenes (i.e., naphthyridines/ cinno-line, phthalazinc/ and quinoxaline), quinazoline shows abnormal behavior when converted into its cation. This anomaly was first discovered by Albert et who noticed that 4-methylquinazoline was a w eaker base (tenfold) than quinazoline (see Table I). This was... 

Vibration analysis, a key predictive maintenance tool, can be used to determine whether or not the repairs corrected existing problems and/or created addition abnormal behavior before the system is re-started. This eliminates the need for the second outage that many times is required to correct improper or incomplete repairs. 

A seizure is an abnormal behavioral (often motoric) activity caused by abnormal electrical activity of the brain. Seizures can be the symptom of a chronic neurological malfunction, i.e. epilepsy, or can appear as single events, e.g. during fever in infants. 

The nurse should initially observe the child with ADD for the various patterns of abnormal behavior. The nurse records a summary of the behavior pattern in the patient s chart to provide a comparison with future changes that may occur during therapy. 

Generalized seizures include absence, myoclonic, and tonic-clonic. Manifestations of a generalized tonic-clonic seizure include alternate contraction (tonic phase) and relaxation (clonic phase) of muscles, a loss of consciousness, and abnormal behavior. Myoclonic seizures involve sudden, forceful contractions involving the musculature of the trunk, neck, and extremities. Absence seizures, previously referred to as petit mal seizures, are seizures characterized by a brief loss of consciousness during which physical activity ceases. The seizures typically last a few seconds, occur many times a day, and may go unnoticed by others. 

Seizures that occur in the outpatient setting are almost always seen first by family members or friends, rather than by a member of the medical profession. The occurrence of abnormal behavior patterns or convulsive movements usually prompts the patient to visit the primary health care provider s office or a neurologic clinic. A thorough patient history is necessary to identify the type of seizure disorder. Information the nurse should obtain from those who have observed the seizure is listed in Display 28-1. 

Randrup, A. Munkvard, 1. and Udsen, P. Adrenergic mechanisms and amphetamine-induced abnormal behavior. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 20 145-157, 1963. 

NS (children, environmental exposure) Developmental Small association between abnormal behavior and blood lead at age 3 40.9 (geometric mean) Wassermann et al. 1998... 

Amongst other N-nucleophilic species, hydroxylamine exhibits some abnormal behavior besides oxime formation (p. 25). Thus it reacts with diphenyl cyclopropenone42 probably by 1,4-addition and subsequent oxidation and/or decarboxylation giving rise to 3,4-diphenyl isoxazolone (328) and desoxybenzoin oxime. With pentyl cyclopropenone48 hydroxylamine undergoes addition followed by normal oxima-tfon after ring fission yielding 2,3-dioximino octane (329). 

Cl of 11.0-16.6) mg/kg BW LD50 survivors exhibited persistent abnormal behavior, ranging from circling to resting with their heads tucked under the abdomen or brisket 37... 

Parasomnias-abnormal behavioral or physiologic events associated with sleep... 

Neuromuscular symptoms include altered mental status, abnormal behavior, seizures, stupor, and coma. Hypercapnia can mimic a stroke or CNS tumor by producing headache, papilledema, focal paresis, and abnormal reflexes. CNS symptoms are caused by increased cerebral blood flow and are variable, depending in part on the acuity of onset. 

Determining the division between normal and abnormal behavior has historically been a difficult task. Some of the more recently debated diagnoses include homosexuality (Spitzer, 1973), self-defeating personality disorder, sadistic personality disorder (Holden, 1986), and premenstrual syndrome (DeAngelis, 1993). Some have argued that these difficulties stem from a failure to adequately define mental illness (Gorenstein, 1984). 

Definitions of mental illness tend to contain two aspects a normative element and a functional element. Normative definitions delimit abnormal behavior in light of what is typical, usual, or the norm. Some degree of deviance from the norm is necessary for a behavior to be considered abnormal. Deviance alone, however, is never sufficient for a label of abnormality. High IQ is just as deviant as low IQ, but only mental retardation is labeled abnormal. This leads us to the functional element of the definition. Typically, the label of abnormality requires deviance plus maladaptation. Maladaptation suggests some diminished capacity to function relative to an average. For example, the DSM defines mental disorder as a syndrome that is associated with distress or impairment in functioning (American Psychiatric Association, 1994, pp- xxi-xxii). 

Clinical Observations and Physical Examinations. Daily clinical observations in dog safety studies, usually conducted pretreatment (prior to cage cleaning) and at a specified time(s) after dosing, consist of a home cage observation with notation of clinical signs indicative of poor health (such as salivation, weight loss, abnormal feces and vomitus) or abnormal behavior (such as reduced activity or increased aggression). 

Lower order cyanocuprates RCu(CN)Li displayed again a different behavior although they usually do not react with acceptor-substituted enynes, the cyanocuprate tBuCu(CN)Li nevertheless underwent anti-Michael additions to 2-en-4-ynoates (e.g. 70) and nitriles affording allenes of type 73 (Scheme 2.26) [51]. Unfortunately, an adequate interpretation of the abnormal behavior of this particular cuprate is still lacking. 

The non-linear dynamics of the reactor with two PI controllers that manipulates the outlet stream flow rate and the coolant flow rate are also presented. The more interesting result, from the non-linear d mamic point of view, is the possibility to obtain chaotic behavior without any external periodic forcing. The results for the CSTR show that the non-linearities and the control valve saturation, which manipulates the coolant flow rate, are the cause of this abnormal behavior. By simulation, a homoclinic of Shilnikov t3rpe has been found at the equilibrium point. In this case, chaotic behavior appears at and around the parameter values from which the previously cited orbit is generated. 

The fact that an animal s abnormal behavior is expressed through a bodily movement pattern does not automatically mean that there is a peripheral disorder of... 

While methods validation and accuracy testing considerations presented here have been frequently discussed in the literature, they have been included here to emphasize their importance in the design of a total quality control protocol. The Youden two sample quality control scheme has been adapted for continuous analytical performance surveillance. Methods for graphical display of systematic and random error patterns have been presented with simulated performance data. Daily examination of the T, D, and Q quality control plots may be used to assess analytical performance. Once identified, patterns in the quality control plots can be used to assist in the diagnosis of a problem. Patterns of behavior in the systematic error contribution are more frequent and easy to diagnose. However, pattern complications in both error domains are observed and simultaneous events in both T and D plots can help to isolate the problems. Point-by-point comparisons of T and D plots should be made daily (immediately after the data are generated). Early detection of abnormal behavior reduces the possibility that large numbers of samples will require reanalysis. 

Zala, S. M. and Penn, D. J. (2004). Abnormal behaviors induced by chemical pollution a review of the evidence and new challenges. Animal Behaviour 68,649-664. 

The specific etiology of psychotic disorders has not currently been sufficiently investigated. It is believed, however, that the initial cause of psychotic behavior may originate from an imbalance of dopaminergic functions in the CNS. Many researchers adhere to the opinion that a large increase of dopamine activity in specific regions of the CNS is the cause of abnormal behavior. 

Chronic abuse can lead to marked tolerance and psychic dependence with varying degrees of abnormal behavior. Frank psychotic episodes can occur, especially with parenteral abuse. Careful supervision is required during drug withdrawal because severe depression, as well as the effects of chronic overactivity, can be unmasked. Long-term follow-up may be required because of the patient s basic personality disturbances. 

Abnormal behavior can occur in the reaction of an initially homogeneous system if there is a change in the physical nature of the system on reaction of the polymer. Partial reaction may yield a polymer that is no longer soluble in the reaction medium or that forms a highly viscous system. The solubility changes can be quite complex, as shown in the chlorination of polyethylene when carried out in solution using aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon solvents... 

Brunner D, Buhot MC, Hen R, Hofer M (1999) Anxiety, motor activation, and maternal-infant interactions in 5HT1B knockout mice. Behav Neurosci 113 587-601 Brunner HG, Nelen M, Breakefield XO, Ropers HH, van Oost BA (1993) Abnormal behavior associated with a point mutation in the structural gene for monoamine oxidase A. Science 262 578-580... 

The Rating Fist for Evaluating Abnormal Behaviors in Children, consisting of 258 items rated on a 4-point scale, was the first original Japanese rating scale for children. It showed satisfactory sensitivity and specificity to distinguish between normal and behavior-disordered children (Fujita et ah, 1982). This scale was used in several randomized controlled studies of drugs for behavioral problems in children with autism and/... 

Fujita, T, Kurisu, E., and Satoh, Y. (1982) A study of extra-normal validity in the Rating List for Evaluating Abnormal Behaviors in Children [in Japanese]. ClinEval 10 201-232. 

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