Teratogenic property

Alcohol sulfates and alcohol ether sulfates were examined many years ago for their carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic properties. A complete revision of these subjects was carried out by Oba [382]. 

From the detailed studies performed either using individual alcohol sulfates and alcohol ether sulfates or formulated products by oral administration and skin contact, no evidence of carcinogen risk was found. Similar conclusions were obtained when these sulfates or formulated products were tested for mutagenic and teratogenic properties. 

The thalidomide analogs CPS49 (30) and CPS11 (31) have been reported to inhibit PI3/AKT signaling in multiple myeloma cells via an anti-angiogenic effect. These compounds are devoid of the teratogenic properties seen with thalidomide and are currently in preclinical development [66]. Compound 30, and to a lesser extent 31, induced a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation in several multiple myeloma cell lines and reduced phospho-AKT levels [66]. These compounds also inhibited DNA synthesis in cell lines resistant to conventionally used anti-multiple myeloma drugs (e.g. dexamethasone, anthracyclines and melphalan) in a dose-dependent manner. 

Minor JL, Becker BA. 1971. A comparison of the teratogenic properties of sodium salicylate, sodium benzoate, and phenol. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 19 373. 

As noted above, OC failure may lead to accidental pregnancy and exposure of the developing fetus to potentially teratogenic properties of CBZ ( 383). Therefore, OC levels should be closely monitored and patients should notify their physician of spotting, an indicator of OC failure. Prothrombin time and the International Normalized Ratio (INR) should be monitored when patients are on warfarin and CBZ concomitantly. Patients stabilized on an antipsychotic may decompensate when CBZ is added. This may necessitate an increase in the antipsychotic dose and is one indication for TDM of antipsychotic drug levels ( 384). Conversely, when CBZ is discontinued, the dose of these other agents may need to be lowered to avoid toxicity. In summary ... 

Beck F Lloyd JB (1963) The preparation and teratogenic properties of pure trypan blue and its common contaminants. J Embryol Exp Morphol, 11 175-184. 

Isotretinoin (1) works extremely well for severe acne, and is efficacious for 75% of all patients. However, like all oral retenoids, isotretinoin (1) has a spectrum of toxicity. Most prevalent of all is its profound teratogenic properties. The risk of a major congenital abnormality in the first tnmester in pregnant women is increased by 25-fold. Therefore, it is mandatory for women of child-bearing potential who are taking... 

The effects of light47 and of mechanical injury48 on the glycoalkaloid content of potatoes have been studied. Solasodine has been shown to possess teratogenic properties.49... 

Mycotoxins are products of secondary metabolism of various kinds of filamentous fungi (molds) that produce them as a by-product of metabolism or for defensive purposes. Mycotoxins can have strong toxic, mutagenic, or teratogenic properties and are found in a wide range of agricultural products under different environmental conditions. 

About 40% of synthetic pharmaceuticals are chiral, but only approximately 10% of them are used as pure stereoisomers, whereas the rest are applied as racemic mixtures. A disastrous accident with racemic thalidomide combining the sedative action of the R enantiomer with the highly teratogenic properties of the S enantiomer has brought the importance of stereochemistry to public attention. 

Oba K and Takei R (1992) Carcinogenic, mutagenic/gene-tic toxicity, and teratogenic properties. Anionic Surfactants Biochemistry, Toxicology, Dermatology. Surfactant Science Series, vol. 43. 2 331—409. 

Apart from their acute and chronic toxicity, mycotoxins may possess carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic properties. They may act primarily on the liver (hepatotoxicity), kidney (nephrotoxicity), nervous (neurotoxicity), and immune systems (immunotoxicity or immunosuppression), on the uterus (uterotropism), and on the skin (dermatotoxicity), or they may act as... 

Organoboron derivatives, even more than organosilicon compounds, are sensitive to hydrolytic degradation that always leads to the final formation of boric acid. But boric acid has teratogenic properties in chickens. It produces the same malformations as those produced by a riboflavine (vitamin B2) deficiency and the administration of riboflavine prevents these toxic effects. The mechanism by which boric acid produces a deficiency in riboflavine is not known. In man the chronic utilization of boron derivatives results in cases of borism (dry skin, cutaneous eruptions, and gastric troubles). 

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