Jaundice, infant

Signs and symptoms Deep throbbing pain local tenderness, erythema, and swelling may be seen. Fever and leukocytosis are common. Dactylitis usually occurs in young infants. Jaundice and increased transaminases present if liver is involved. 

Scokel, P.W. and Jones, W.D. (1962) Infant jaundice after pheno-thiazine drugs for labor an enigma. Obstet Gynecol 20 124— 127. 

One such example is the use of ultraviolet (UV) light to treat infant jaundice. Infant jaundice is a condition in which the skin and the whites of the eyes appear yellow because of high levels of the bile pigment bilirubin in the blood. BUirubin is a breakdown product of the oxygen-carrying blood protein hemoglobin. If bilirubin accumulates in the body, it can cause brain damage and death. The immature liver of the baby cannot remove the bilirubin. 

As the above mentioned studies with high supplementation dosages exemplarily show, there is no known toxicity for phylloquinone (vitamin Kl), although allergic reactions are possible. This is NOT true for menadione (vitamin K3) that can interfere with glutathione, a natural antioxidant, resulting in oxidative stress and cell membrane damage. Injections of menadione in infants led to jaundice and hemolytic anemia and therefore should not be used for the treatment of vitamin K deficiency. 

If the fluorometric procedure is used, with protein precipitation, then bilirubin will not interfere with the hexokinase procedure. Even if protein precipitation is not resorted to, the interference from bilirubin does not become significant until one is dealing with an infant in severe jaundice. This can be seen in Table III. 

Necheles et al. (N4) first reported a genetically determined homozygous GSH-Px deficiency associated with neonatal jaundice and mild hemolysis. Spontaneous recovery from hemolysis was noted 3 months after birth. Thereafter, several cases with GSH-Px deficiency were reported. Newborn infants exhibit significantly lower red blood cell GSH-Px activity and serum selenium concentrations than adult control subjects, and a significantly positive correlation between selenium concentration and GSH-Px activity has been observed. Furthermore, the addition of selenium stimulates, both in vivo and in vitro, the GSH-Px activity. The neonatal red blood cell GSH-Px deficiency may be partially due to insufficient availability of selenium during pregnancy (P9). Therefore, the diagnosis of GSH-Px deficiency in newborn infants must be made carefully. 

A jaundiced one-day-old premature infant with an elevated free bilirubin is seen in the premature-baby nursery The mother received an antibiotic combination preparation containing sulfamethizole for a urinary tract infection (UTI) one week before deliver)1 You suspect that the infant s findings are caused by the sulfonamide because of the following mechanism ... 

Outline the importance the photochemistry of C=C bonds in the phototherapy of infants with neonatal jaundice, the process of vision and the effects of ultraviolet radiation on DNA. 

A breast-fed infant begins to vomit frequently and lose weight. Several days later she is jaundiced, her Hver is enlarged, and cataracts are noticed in her lenses. These symptoms are most likely caused by a deficiency of... 

H15. Hollman, G. H., and Goluboff, M., Studies of glucuronidation in 3 infants with familial congenital nonhemolytic jaundice. J. Pediat. 61, 303-304 (1962). 

Children Safety and efficacy in children have not been established. Hemolysis, jaundice, and hyperbilirubinemia in newborns, particularly in premature infants, have been reported with vitamin K. These effects may be dose-related. Therefore, do not exceed recommended dose. 

Ectopic as well as intrauterine pregnancy may occur in contraceptive failures. Lactation Hormonal contraceptives may interfere with lactation, decreasing both the quantity and the quality of breast milk. A small amount of OC steroids is excreted in breast milk. A few adverse effects on the nursing infant have been reported, including jaundice and breast enlargement. 

Kallen and Robert (2000) found no adverse effects on congenital malformations, childhood cancer, infant mortality, low Apgar score, neonatal jaundice, or neonatal hypothyroidism among infants and children who lived in areas where drinking water was disinfected with chlorine dioxide, compared to controls living in... 

A woman returns from a yearlong trip abroad with her 2-week-old infant, whom she is breastfeeding. The child soon starts to exhibit lethargy, diarrhea, vomiting, jaundice, and an enlarged liver. The pediatrician prescribed a switch from breast milk to infant formula containing sucrose as the sole carbohydrate. The baby s symptoms resolve within a few days. 

Korea. Hot water extract of the dried entire plant is taken orally for beriberi, coughs, influenza, measles, syphilis, nephritis, jaundice, dysentery, and ancylostomiasis for thrush in infants and as a diuretic. Extract of the dried entire plant is used externally for prickly heat k... 

Adverse effects include haemolysis especially in infants and person with G-6-PD deficiency. Menadione can cause jaundice, and haemolysis in infants. 

Lower-than-normal activities are often obtained in newborns and in preterm and small-for-age infants [12, 23], especially if they have neonatal jaundice [22]. Plasma biotinidase activity increases with advancing age, reaching maximum values at between 20 and 40 days [23]. 

Prolonged administration of large doses of vitamin K can produoe hemolytic anemia and jaundice in the infant, due to toxic effects on the membrane of red blood cells. 

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