Antibiotics combinations

Gionchetti P, Rizzello F, Venturi A, Ugolini F, Rossi M, Brigidi P, Johansson R, Ferrieri A, Poggioli G, Campieri M Antibiotic combination therapy in patients with chronic, treatment-resistant pouchitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999 13 713-718. 

A jaundiced one-day-old premature infant with an elevated free bilirubin is seen in the premature-baby nursery The mother received an antibiotic combination preparation containing sulfamethizole for a urinary tract infection (UTI) one week before deliver)1 You suspect that the infant s findings are caused by the sulfonamide because of the following mechanism ... 

Metzger W, Mordmuller B, Graninger W, Bienzle U, Kremsner PG. (1995) High efficacy of short-term quinine-antibiotic combinations for treating adult malaria patients in an area which malaria is hyperendemic. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 39 245-246. 

In many therapeutic situations the drug combinations are completely misused (12). Adding another drug to a combination does not reduce the need for sound clinical judgement in therapy. Although there are many disease situations in which the use of more than one antibacterial agent may be justified, generalizations about various combinations of bactericidal or bacteriostatic antibiotics or admixtures have not proven valid. Basically, antibiotic combinations should be avoided as a common practice unless they have shown a clear increase in effectiveness as reported in the literature. 

Anthelmintic agents, 68-69 Antibacterial feed additives, synthetic and antibiotic, 3t Antibacterial therapy, objective, 12 Antibiotic combinations, advantages and disadvantages, 21... 

When acne is severe it may require medidnes that have to be taken by mouth and these may be stronger antibiotics combined with hormone therapy. Tetracyclines and erythromycin are typically used and they have to be taken for many weeks, but there are signs that bacteria are becoming resistant to these antibiotics and if there is no improvement in the acne within three months then this type of treatment has to be discontinued, or a much stronger antibiotic tried. Hormone therapy is available for young women with severe acne and this can block the sebum-stimulating effect of natural hormones - as well as having a contraceptive effect. 

When patients are suspected of having underlying staphylococcal disease, both inflammatory and bacterial components can be managed with a steroid-antibiotic combination. Initial doses should be administered every 2 to 4 hours, depending on severity, for the first 24 to 48 hours. In most instances, patients obtain dramatic relief from symptoms and can diminish use of the drug in 7 to 10 days. Because of the association of Staphylococcus with eyelid disease, lid therapy should be instituted. Antibiotic ointments such as erythromycin, bacitracin,... 

Antibiotic combinations EDTA and other agents Gentamicin and other agents Carbenicillin Other agents B-Lactam antibiotics Combinations of preservatives Sensitivity to antibacterial agents... 

Table 7.3. ANTIBIOTIC COMBINATIONS WHICH HAVE SHOWN SYNERGISM AGAINST PS. AERUGINOSA IN VITRO...

Wade JC, Schimpff SC, Wiernik PH. Antibiotic combination-associated nephrotoxicity in granulocytopenic patients with cancer. Arch Intern Med 1981 141(13) 1789-93. 

The goals of PUD therapy are to promote healing, relieve pain, and prevent ulcer complications and recurrences. Medications used to heal or reduce ulcer recurrence include antacids. histamine H -receptor antagonists, protective mucosal barriers, proton pump inhibitors, prostaglandins, and bismuth salt and antibiotic combinations. 

The second most common method to determine the effects of antibiotic combinations is an adaptation of timed-kill curve tests. Two antibiotics are added to the same test tube at fixed concentration fractions of the MIC for each drug, and killing is quantified. With this method, synergism is defined as a 100-fold decrease in viable organisms at 24 hours for the combination as compared with the most potent antibiotic tested alone. Antagonism is defined as a 100-fold or greater increase in viable organism count (Fig. 103-9). It is... 

Dexamethasone is a steroid antibiotic combination. Tobramycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, causing death dexamethasone suppresses the inflammatory response. The combination is indicated in superficial bacterial ocular infection or risk of bacterial ocnlar infection inflammatory conditions of palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segments of globe where inherent risk of steroid use in certain infective conjunctivitis is accepted to obtain a diminution of edema and inflammation chronic anterior uveitis and comeal injury from chemical, radiation, or thermal bums, or penetration of foreign bodies, where risk of superficial ocular infection is high, or an expectation, or when potentially dangerous numbers of bacteria will be present in the eye. 

Trimethoprim sulfate/polymyxin B sulfate is an antibiotic combination. Trimethoprim blocks production of tetrahy-drofoUc acid by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. Polymyxin B interacts with phospholipid components of bacterial cell membranes, increasing cell-wall permeability. They are indicated in the treatment of surface ocular bacterial infections, including acute bacterial conjunctivitis and blepharoconjunctivitis caused by susceptible organisms. 

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is an antibiotic combination. Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) inhibits bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid by competing with PABA. Trimethoprim (TMP) blocks production of tetrahydrofolic acid by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate rednctase. This combination blocks two consecutive steps in bacterial biosynthesis of essential nncleic acids and proteins and is nsnally bactericidal. 

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