Industry Surfactants

Nonene, or propylene tetramer, is used to alkylate phenol, which is subsequently ethoxylated to produce nonylphenol ethoxylate, an efficient, rehable industrial surfactant. 

Nonionic Surface-Active Agents. Approximately 14% of the ethyleae oxide consumed ia the United States is used in the manufacture of nonionic surfactants. These are derived by addition of ethylene oxide to fatty alcohols, alkylphenols (qv), tall oil, alkyl mercaptans, and various polyols such as poly(propylene glycol), sorbitol, mannitol, and cellulose. They are used in household detergent formulations, industrial surfactant appHcations, in emulsion polymeri2ation, textiles, paper manufacturing and recycling, and for many other appHcations (281). 

Akzo. Industrial Surfactants, Nitrogen Derivatives. Technical literature and catalog. Akzo-Nobel, Inc., USA. 1992. 

Schoberl et al. reported the data compiled in Germany for the most important industrial surfactants [383]. Natural and oxoalcohol sulfates have primary biodegradation results of 99% and 98-99%, respectively, by the confirmatory test. Natural and oxoalcohol ether sulfates biodegrade 98-99% and 96%, respectively, in the confirmatory test. Reported values of total biodegradation are shown in Table 35A and Table 35B. 

In this paper, we focused on behavior of industrial surfactant mixtures that can be used in calcic saline media, i.e. under conditions often encountered in onshore or offshore fields. The results obtained have been used for the laboratory testing and for interpreting the working mechanisms of a method of reducing losses of products in reservoir rocks and of propagating them more effectively in the formation to be treated. 

Industrial surfactants can be assimilated with a single entity. 

Such an idea was patented in 1981 (14). Besides research by Scamehom and Schechter (15) provided an experimental illustration of this by batch adsorption tests of kaolinite with some purified anionic/nonionic products. Our objective was to enlarge and test this technique under the dynamic flow conditions of industrial surfactant injection in an adsorbent porous medium. 

Fig. 2.5.12. APCI-FIA-MS(+) overview spectra of industrial surfactant blends used as pure blends or mixtures in the examination of ionisation interferences, (a) C13-AE, (b) cationic (alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium quat) surfactant, (c) amphoteric C12-alkylamido betaine, and (d) non-ionic FADA all recorded from methanolic solutions. 

Toothpaste, toiletries, and cosmetics make up the largest sorbitol use (35%). Others uses include confections and food (30%), ascorbic acid (15%), industrial surfactants (10%), and pharmaceuticals (7%). 

Ash, M. and Ash, I. (2000) Industrial Surfactants Electronic Handbook 2000, 3rd edn, Synapse Information Resources, New York. 

Industrial surfactants find uses in almost every industry, from asphalt manufacturing to carpet fibers, from pulp and paper production to leather processing. Examples of the types of chemicals used as surfactants are fatty alcohol sulfates, alkanolamides, alkoxylates, sulfosuccinates, amines, quaternaries, phosphate esters, acid esters, blockcopolymers, betaines, imidazolines, alkyl sulfonates, etc. 

Ash. I. and M. Ash Handbook of Industrial Surfactants An International Guide to More than 21,000 Products by Trade Home. Composition, Application, and Manufactures, Vol. I. Gower Publishing Lid.. Brookfield, VT. 1997. 

As to the industrial surfactants, the shortage of sperm alcohol, due to the restrictions on whale fishing, has increased the demand for longer carbon chain alcohols. 

Floyd, D.T. (1999) Silicone surfactants applications in the personal care industry. Surfactant Sci. Ser., 86, 181-207. 

OECD] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2002c. Emission scenario document on industrial surfactants [Draft]. Paris Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Environment Directorate. 

STEROX NJ surfactant is one of the most versatile nonionic surfactants known. It is used in almost every type of industrial surfactant application because it is a powerful detergent, emulsifier and processing aid. This surfactant performs best at temperatures below 51C (124F). 

WITCO CORP. Textile Industry Surfactants(Continued)i... 

Surfactants or surface-active agents make up a special class of chemicals used in practically all industries. Surfactants may be of petrochemical or natural oils origin. This chapter discusses only those of vegetable oil origin, specifically those from coconut oil. 

Dzygiel P and Wieczorek P. Extraction of amino acids with emulsion hquid membranes using industrial surfactants and lecithin as stabilisers. J Membr Sci 2000 172 223-232. 

Applications of FAB have been succesfully performed in the characterization of a wide range of compounds (dyes, surfactants, polymers...) but little attention has been devoted to the capabilities of this technique to solve environmental concerns, such as organic pollutants identification in water. The widespread use of surfactants in the environment has required the emplo yment of both sensitive and specific methods for their determination at trace levels. GC/MS and HPLC procedures has been used for the determination of anionic (LAB s) and non ionic surfactants (NPEO) in water (1-4). Levsen et al (5) identified cationic and anionic sirrfactants in surface water by combined field desorption/ collisionally activated decomposition mass spectrometry (FD/CAD), whereas FAB mass spectrometry has been used for the characterization of pine industrial surfactants (6-8). 

Several different types of chemicals can be derived fix>m natural sources. Some of the more popular commercialized examples are activated carbon, oxy-fuel additives, phenols and furfural, specialty chemicals, acetic and fatty acids, industrial surfactants, and agricultural chemicals. 

Ameenex. [Chemron] Tall oil amido-amine industrial surfactant corrosion inhibitor, wetting agent emulsifier, antistripping agent for mineral flotation, asphalts, boiler corrosion control. 

Chemterg. [Chemonic Industries] Surfactant blend multi-puipose detergents and scouring agents for textiles. 

ChemzoUne. [Qiemron] Imidazolines industrial surfactants, intomediate, corrosion inhibitors, disposant, emulsifier. 

Emuko. [Toho Chem. Industry] Surfactants complex floating oil disposer for oil and gas industry. 

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