Propylene Tetramer

Nonene, or propylene tetramer, is used to alkylate phenol, which is subsequently ethoxylated to produce nonylphenol ethoxylate, an efficient, rehable industrial surfactant. 

Linear a1ky1hen2ene (LAB) is produced from a-olefins and internal linear olefins. Branched olefins such as propylene tetramer are used... 

Detergent All late. In the 1940s, sodium dodecylben2ene sulfonate [25155-30-0] (DDES) produced by the alkylation of ben2ene with propylene tetramer followed by sulfonation with oleum [8014-95-7] (H2SO4 mixture with sulfur trioxide) or sulfur trioxide and then neutrali2ation... 

Manufacture and Processing Alkylphenols of commercial importance are generally manufactured by the reaction of an alkene with phenol in the presence of an acid catalyst. The alkenes used vary from single species, such as isobutylene, to compHcated mixtures, such as propylene tetramer (dodecene). The alkene reacts with phenol to produce mono alkylphenols, dialkylphenols, and tri alkylphenols. The mono alkylphenols comprise 85% of all alkylphenol production. 

The principal impetus behind the synthesis of thiols came from the need to produce synthetic mbber in the early 1940s. These mbbers, styrene—butadiene mbbers (SBRs), were produced by many companies at that time. Originally, 1-dodecanethiol was utilized, but the most important thiol became / fZ-dodecanethiol, which was made from propylene tetramer, using an acid-catalyzed process (54,55). 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Dodecenfi(non-linear) Propylene Tetramer Tetrapropylene Chemical Formula. Ci Uu-... 

Further protonation of the trimer produces a C9 carhocation which may further react with another propene molecule and eventually produce propylene tetramer. 

The mechanism of the polymerization contains ionic intermediate steps. The free H+ goes to a carbenium ion and, as shown in route B, rearranges to form tetrapropylene. It is highly likely that this actual tetrapropylene exists only in very small concentrations. The product variety is explained by the rearrangement of the carbenium ion to dodecene isomers according to route C. In addition, short-chain olefins formed by fragmentation (route D). Polymerization proceeds at almost 100% to mono olefins. Aromatics, paraffins, and diolefins exist only in trace amounts. The propylene tetramer is best characterized by its distillation range. 

Nonlinear, nonbiodegradable synthetic detergents made from propylene tetramer were banned after these materials were found in large amounts in rivers, so much as to cause soapy foam in many locations. Phosphates in detergents were banned in detergents by many states in the 1970s. 

A Ci3 branched alcohol ethoxylate containing an average of 7 EO units per mole of alcohol (C13BAE-7). The alcohol precursor was made by catalytic addition of CO and H2 to highly branched propylene tetramer. 

Divinyl DMDT DMF DMS DMSO DNT DOA 1-Dodecanethiol Dodecanol Dodecanol Dodecanol Peroxide Dodecene 1-Dodecene Dodecene (Non-Linear) Dodecene (Non-Linear) Dodecyl Alcohol Dodecylbenzene Butadiene, Inhibited Methoxychlor Dimethylfbrmamide Dimethyl Sulfide Dimethyl Sulfoxide 2,4-Dinitrotoluene Dioctyl Adipate Lauryl Mercaptan Linear Alcohols (12-15 Carbons) Dodecanol Lauroyl Peroxide Dodecene 1-Dodecene Propylene Tetramer Dodecene Dodecanol Dodecylbenzene... 

Propylene Tetramer Propylene Tetramer Propylene Trimer Propyleneimine, Inhibited Propylethylene N-Propyl Mercaptan N-N-Propyl-L-Propanamine Prussic Acid Pseudohexyl Alcohol Pyrazine Hexahydride Pyridine Pyrocatechin Pyrocatechinic Acid Pyrocatechol Pyrocatechuic Acid Pyrofax... 

Compound Name Propylene Tetramer Dodecene Nonene... 

DODECENE Propylene Tetramer, Tetrapropylene Combustible Liquid 0 2 0... 

Propylene Butylene Polymer Propylene Tetramer Styrene (inhibited)... 

A new commercial use for butadiene is its employment in the nylon synthesis joining furfural, benzene, and cyclohexane as raw materials for nylon salt components. Amother olefinic hydrocarbon, which has found large scale application in recent years, is propylene tetramer, widely employed in reaction with aromatic nuclei to yield an alkylated aromatic base used in synthetic detergent production. 

In carrying out the alkylation of benzene the propylene tetramer is reacted with an excess of benzene in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst such as aluminum chloride, boron trifluoride, or hydrofluoric acid. With careful control of this reaction, yields of alkylate boiling from 500° to 650° F. are of the order of 80% of theory with the losses due to slight olefin degradation and dialkylation. Inspection of commercial aromatic products, believed to be typical of this process, indicates the composition to be that shown in... 

---