Industry Business Unit Pharmaceuticals

SAP is working to support such an audit repository. The Industry Business Unit Pharmaceuticals (IBU Pharma) has ordered a third-party audit by KMl (Kemper-Masterson) and will provide this audit report to any prospect or customer as a first step. SAP expects this to be sufficient for a large number of customers, especially small companies. Others can base their audit activities on the results of the public audit report and investigate details that may not be covered. 

Animal health is a segment of the life sciences industry at the interface of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Global sales were 15 billion in 2005 ( 14.5 billion in 2004, 13.8 billion in 2001, inflation-adjusted). Of the top 10 companies, 9 are business units or spinoffs from pharmaceutical companies (see Table 11.9). The industry is rather concentrated, with the top 10 companies accounting for 75% of total sales. As they do in pharma, US companies dominate in animal health products. Many of the veterinary products in the portfolios had originally been developed for human use or as pesticides. In the pet (respectively companion animal) segment, which comprises cats, dogs, birds, some rodents, reptiles, and horses and represents about 40% of the total market, the association with human health is particularly prominent. 

For the pharmaceutical industry, it is ironic that attention to these special populations is now proving good business , either because of an extension of protected patent life, or because of the development of special business units. These units have increased market penetration and retention of drugs for third-party reimbursement and allowed niche dominance. The latest of the four major special populations rulings by ICH, the final rule on Acceptability of Foreign Data, was implemented in July 1998. While it is the latest, it will... 

The chemical industry represents a 455-billion-dollar-a-year business, with products ranging from cosmetics, to fuel products, to plastics, to pharmaceuticals, health care products, food additives, and many others. It is diverse and dynamic, with market sectors rapidly expanding, and in turmoil in many parts of the world. Across these varied industry sectors, basic unit operations and equipment are applied on a daily basis, and indeed although there have been major technological innovations to processes, many pieces of equipment are based upon a foundation of engineering principles developed more than 50 years ago. 

As the chemical industry expanded, Perkin continued his own scientific research in the peace of his private laboratory. He had not lost his touch. Among the synthetic methods he discovered is one now called the Perkin reaction. He used it to make a synthetic substitute for a vegetable substance called coumarin, which has a pleasant, vanillalike odor. Coumarin spawned the synthetic perfume business and made luxurious scents available to all. Once again, a Perkin chemical started a new industry, albeit a modest one in comparison with dyes and pharmaceuticals. Despite the worldwide impact of Perkins discoveries, he was not knighted by the British monarchy until 1906, the fiftieth anniversary of his discovery of mauve. The world chemistry community feted him lavishly that year, and he traveled to the United States collecting further honors. A year later, at the age of 69, he died peacefully, at home. 

The progress made in interfacingHPLC instruments with mass spectrometry has been a significant development for laboratory analyses in the pharmaceutical industry. The low concentrations of test drugs in extracts of blood, plasmas, serums, and urine are no problem for this highly sensitive HPLC detector. In addition, the analysis is extremely fast. Lots of samples with very low concentrations of the test drugs can thus be analyzed in a very short time. At the MDS Pharma Services facility in Lincoln, Nebraska, for example, a very busy pharmaceutical laboratory houses over 20 LC-MS units, and they are all in heavy use daily. 

To give the new company a distinct image as a chemical company, non-chemical businesses were sorted out regardless of their attractiveness. These included Degussa-Hiils s units Asta Medica (pharmaceuticals), dmc2 (precious metals industrial catalysts),... 

J. Liebenau, Ethical Business, the formation of the pharmaceutical industry in Britain, Germany and the United States before 1914 , Bus. Hist., 1988, 30, 116-129. 

At the onset of the twenty-first century, Europe s multisectored chemical enterprises still dominated world markets, just as they had done for more than a century, but they were fewer in number. As in the United States, where only Du Pont and Dow remained of the six multisectored companies that had created the American chemical industry, the ten European producers listed in Table 1.1 in 1993 had dwindled to five Bayer, BASF, ICI, Solvay, and Akzo. Four companies had merged and abandoned chemicals for pharmaceuticals, including Ciba-Geigy and Sandoz, constituents of Novartis, and Hoechst and Rhone-Poulenc, partners (among others) in Aventis. Henkel, meanwhile, sold off its chemical operations to concentrate on its core business in branded consumer products. 

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