Fiftieth anniversary

As the chemical industry expanded, Perkin continued his own scientific research in the peace of his private laboratory. He had not lost his touch. Among the synthetic methods he discovered is one now called the Perkin reaction. He used it to make a synthetic substitute for a vegetable substance called coumarin, which has a pleasant, vanillalike odor. Coumarin spawned the synthetic perfume business and made luxurious scents available to all. Once again, a Perkin chemical started a new industry, albeit a modest one in comparison with dyes and pharmaceuticals. Despite the worldwide impact of Perkins discoveries, he was not knighted by the British monarchy until 1906, the fiftieth anniversary of his discovery of mauve. The world chemistry community feted him lavishly that year, and he traveled to the United States collecting further honors. A year later, at the age of 69, he died peacefully, at home. 

Hyman, S. (1998), NIMH fiftieth anniversary , The American Journal ofPsychiatry, 155, 36-40. 

Knopf, Adolph. In "Geology, 1888-1938. Fiftieth Anniversary Volume of the Geological Society of America" Geological Society of America, 1941 pp. 335-363. 

For a fiftieth anniversary commemoration of the paper s publication, the International Journal of Epidemiology reprinted the original 1954 paper and invited commentary from several experts, including Sir Richard Doll. Doll wrote ... 

All of Klaus s papers on the platinum metals were collected and published in 1854 in a Jubilee Volume issued in honor of the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the University of Kazan. He continued to teach inorganic, analytical, and organic chemistry, and was assisted for a time in the organic course by Nikolai Nikolaevich Zinin, who later became the founder of the modern school of organic chemistry in Russia... 

The year 2003 is the tenth anniversary of the first Femtochemistry Conference and the fiftieth anniversary of Watson and Crick s celebrated discovery of the DNA double helix [1], Remarkable progress has been made in both fields femtosecond spectroscopy has made decisive contributions to Chemistry and Biology, and advances in the elucidation of static nucleic acid structures have profoundly transformed the biosciences. However, much less is known about the dynamical properties of these complex macromolecules. This is especially true of the dynamics of the excited electronic states, including their evolution toward the photoproducts that are the end result of DNA photodamage [2],... 

The fiftieth anniversary of the announcement of nylon as the first synthetic organic textile fiber by the Du Pont Co. on October 27,1938 was celebrated as a significant event by the textile industry in 1988 (1,2). The announcement was the culmination of the fundamental research efforts of W. H. Carothers and his team at Du Pont (3). Carothers synthesized diamines from C2 to C18 in order for them to react with a variety of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids to make polyamides for evaluation as fibers (4—10). Alicyclic and aromatic diamines and dicarboxylic acids were also included. Nylon-6,6 was ultimately selected for scale-up and development because of its favorable melting point ( 260° C), best balance of properties, and lower manufacturing cost. The pilot plant for nylon-6,6 was completed in Wilmington, Delaware, in July, 1938, and a product was introduced on the market as Exton brisdes for Dr. West s toothbrushes (2). The first nylon filament plant was built in 1939 at Seaford, Delaware, and nylon stockings went on sale on October 24,1939 only to residents of Wilmington, and then nationally, on May 15, 1940 (2). 

Editor s Note We are grateful to Prof. John Seinfeld (California Institute ofTechnol-ogy) for bringing our attention to the following poem, written by Prof. Rutherford Aris of the University of Minnesota to congratulate Princeton University s Chemical Engineering Department on their fiftieth anniversary. 

Wilding, L. P. (1994). Factors of soil formation Contributions to pedology, in Factors of Soil Formation A Fiftieth Anniversary Retrospective (R. Amundson, J. Harden, and M. Singer, Eds.). Madison, WI Soil Science Society of America, 15-30. 

M. Wolski, Fact Sheet on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Babi Yar Massacre, Polish Historical Society, PO Box 8024, Stamford, CT 06905, Oct 1991, pp. 2f. cf. M. Wolski, Revue d Histoire Revisiormiste 6 (1992), pp. 47-58 (online www.lebensraum.org/french/rhr/Babiy.pdf). 

On the fiftieth anniversary (1991) of the German attack on the Soviet Union, the ZDF (German... 

Figure 14.4 Robert V. Pound, Henry C. Tbrrey, and Edward M. Purcell (left to right) at the retirement of Tbrrey from Rutgers University. This same photograph appeared on a poster celebrating the fiftieth anniversary at Harvard University of the discovery of NMR.

Burnham C. W. (1979) The importance of volatile constituents. In The Evolution of Igneous Rocks Fiftieth Anniversary Perspectives, (ed. H. S. Yoder, Jr.). Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. 

Krauskopf K. B. (1955) Sedimentary deposits of rare metals. In Econ. Geol. Fiftieth Anniversary Volume, Econ. Geol. (ed. A. M. Bateman) Society of Economic Geologists, Littleton, CO, pp. 411-463. 

Retallack, G.J. (1994) The environmental approach to the interpretation of paleosols. In Amundson, R., Harden, J. Singer, M. (Eds) Factors of Soil Formation a Fiftieth Anniversary Retrospective. Special Publication 33. Madison, WI Soil Science Society of America, pp. 31-64. 

In the summer of June 1924, Haber went home to Breslau once more to give the most reflective speech of his life. He d been invited to mark the fiftieth anniversary of Breslau s Academic-Literary Association, a social club that had molded two generations of upwardly mobile middle-class children, many of them, like Haber, Jewish. 

Stevenson, L. G., ed.A Celebration of Medical History The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Johns Hopkins Institute ofthe History of Medicine and the Welch Medical Library. Baltimore The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982. 

The importance of international leaders meeting in harmony on St George s day was echoed at the fiftieth anniversary meeting of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) members in Washington on April... 

Soule, H. (1967). NASA Langley Research Center A great flight-research institution celebrates its fiftieth anniversary. Aeronautics aruJAstronautics 5(12) 50-53. P... 

Sutcliffe, L.H. (ed.) Electron Spin Resonance, the Fiftieth Anniversary of Zavoiski s Discovery of Electron Resonance Spectroscopy (in Magn. Reson. Chem. 33 (1995) Spec. Issue), Chichester Wiley, 1995. Brey, WS. (ed.) Magnetic Resonance in Perspective Highlights of a Quarter Century, San Diego Academic Press, 1996. 

In the field of chemical literature, the fiftieth anniversary of the Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft in 1917 brought the creation of an Industrial Jubilee Fund which by 1918 had collected 2 million marks to subsidize the main chemical reference publications (the Zentralblatt abstracts journal, the Beilstein handbook of literature on organic compounds, and the Gmelin handbook of inorganic compounds). This fund seemed huge by prewar standards, but by 1920 postwar inflation was already making it look small. 

In 1901 the President of the Republic, and over 3000 representatives of science in France and other countries, met in the great hall of the Sorbonne to felicitate Berthelot on the fiftieth anniversary of his first scientific publication. He was handed a bronze plaque designed by Chaplain, and the addresses were published. In their last years he and Mme Berthelot suffered from heart disease. As she lay dying she said to her children Qu arrivera-t-il de mon mari quand je n y serai plus Berthelot told them J sens que je ne survivrai pas a votre mere. She passed away and within an hour he was dead. There was a State funeral in the Pantheon, and since the family felt that the two should not be parted even in death, a special session of Parliament decreed that they should be buried together, an honour without precedent. ... 

Adams s recollections, 609-11 charter of American liberty, according to Lincoln, 613-14 fiftieth anniversary of, 148-9 model for Seneca Falls Declaration, 611-13... 

These issues recently stood at the forefront of discussions to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the Declaration of Helsinki at an international conference on Research within Bounds Protecting Human Participants in Modern Medicine and the Declaration of Hekinki , organized by U. Schmidt, A. Frewer, D. Sprumont, and S. Fluss, Brocher Foundation, Hermance, 12/13 September 2013. See Schmidt, Frewer 2007 Schmidt,Frewer 2014a Schmidt, Frewer 2014b Frewer, Schmidt 2014. An edited collection of articles about the history of the Declaration of Hekinki, to be published by Oxford University Press, is currently in preparation. 

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