Industrial Mobilization Program

On 8 September 1939, one week after the outbreak of war in Europe, President Roosevelt issued a proclamation of "limited national emergency. This led to a greater emphasis on preparedness throughout the armed forces. While all CWS activities felt the impact of this declaration, procurement was affected more than other functions. The main current of CWS developments in the emergency period was the industrial mobilization program. 

In its final recommendation the report urged that contract terminations be studied in connection with the peacetime Industrial Mobilization Program, so that in any future emergency proper instruction might be given to prospective negotiators and property disposal officers. 

The mobilization activities tapered off after the Korean action and controls on chemicals were taken off. NPA was dissolved and the Commerce Department reorganized its commodity divisions with the object of furnishing a service to industry on a more normal peacetime basis. Inherent in the reorganization planning, however, was the idea that the new setup should serve as the nucleus for any future mobilization programs. Business and Defense Services Administration, as the new organization is called, includes 25 commodity divisions. The Chemical and Rubber Division is one of these. 

The CWS took steps, under the guidance of the Office of the Assistant Secretary of War, to implement the educational order legislation enacted by Congress in June 1938. This legislation had as its objective the training of selected industrial concerns in the manufacture of a half-dozen Army items, one of which was the gas mask. The first educational order contract was written by the Chemical Warfare Service in late 1939 and several more were awarded in 1940 and 1941. The educational order program was the first real step, as far as the CWS was concerned, in the direction of industrial mobilization in the emergency period. 

Other strides toward industrial mobilization were taken under the Munitions Program of 30 June 1940. The formulation of this program by the President, the National Defense Advisory Commission, and the War Department was the first important move to supply an expanding army with the implements of war. " In June 1940 Congress passed the first of five... 

The years 1939-41 were a period of initial industrial mobilization, during which programs for the construction of badly needed facilities got under way and a start was made in procuring critical and essential items. This period was to reap the reward of the labors of the previous years, when so many blueprints for arsenals and plants had been drawn up and so many procurement plans had been made in the Chemical Warfare Service. 

The catalyst companies were encouraged to resume their research activities in automotive catalysis in the late 1960 s as further tightening of automotive emissions standards became imminent, and it appeared that mere engine modifications might be inadequate to meet the new standards. A systems approach was first used upon the formation of the Inter-Industry Emission Control Program by the Ford Motor Company and the Mobil Oil Corporation in 1967, which was joined by a number of oil companies in the U.S. and a number of automobile companies in Italy, Japan, and Western Germany. 

One of the applications for hydrogen is for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells. As mentioned earlier, one application is a hydrogen fuelled hybrid fuel cell / ultra-capacitor transit bus program where significant energy efficiencies can be demonstrated. Another commercial application is for fuel cell powered forklifts and other such fleet applications that requires mobile electrical power with the additional environmental benefits this system provides. Other commercial applications being developed by Canadian industry is for remote back-up power such as the telecommunications industry and for portable fuel cell systems. 

Hygiene-Industrial, in War Plants. The reader is referred to the following lectures reviews Industrial Hygiene at work in the national defense program (Ref 1) Mobilization of... 

Industrial biotech represents a broad range of applications, including biobased products, bioenergy, biobased polymers, and national defense. The Department of Defense, for example, has a program to build mobile biorefineries that recycle kitchen waste. 

Tom Morton was born in Los Angeles, where his forebears (both Heilman and Morton) were employed by the motion picture industry. He received his A.B. from Harvard University in classics (Greek) and fine arts, and his Ph.D. from Caltech in chemistry under the joint direction of R. G. Bergman and J. L. Beauchamp. Since 1972, he has served on the chemistry faculties of Brown and Brandeis Universities and, from 1981, the University of Cahfornia, Riverside, where he is professor of chemistry. His research centers on the chemical consequences of internal rotation within molecules, including recognition of conformationaUy mobile structures by chemosensory systems. He is also affiliated with UCR s graduate programs in biochemistry and neuroscience. 

The use of high-sensitivity, portable, rapid-response gas-analyzing equipment has led to the detection of several previously unknown elemental mercury plumes associated with both natural and industrial sources. In Northern California these anomalies were detected in a brief reconnaissance program and hence represent only a sampling of the mercury vapor plumes likely to exist in the area. An inventory of elemental mercury plumes can be obtained in any area by using a high-sensitivity, portable, rapid-response mercury detector mounted in a mobile laboratory for measurement while in motion. 

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