Hydrogen Fuell

Jackson et al. [9] have presented calculations of thermal efficiency for this simple hydrogen fuelled CBT cycle, first with very low nitrogen content in the fuel and secondly with 50/50 hydrogen/nitrogen. For the first case they find relatively little change in... 

Bannister, R.L., Huber, D.J., Newby, R.A. and PalTenburger J.A. (2000), Hydrogen-fuelled combu.stion turbine cycle, ASME paper 96-GT-246. 

Table 12.6. Investment breakdown for compressed hydrogen fuelling stations...

Table 12.7. Investment breakdown for liquid hydrogen fuelling stations supplying gaseous hydrogen...

Ferrel, J., Kotar, A. and Stern, S. (1996). Direct Hydrogen Fuelled Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell System for Transportation Applications. Final report, Section 3 Hydrogen Infrastructure Report. Prepared for the Ford Motor Company and the Department of Energy. 

A fascinating point, especially to physical chemists, is the potential theoretical efficiency of fuel cells. Conventional combustion machines principally transfer energy from hot parts to cold parts of the machine and, thus, convert some of the energy to mechanical work. The theoretical efficiency is given by the so-called Carnot cycle and depends strongly on the temperature difference, see Fig. 13.3. In fuel cells, the maximum efficiency is given by the relation of the useable free reaction enthalpy G to the enthalpy H (AG = AH - T AS). For hydrogen-fuelled cells the reaction takes place as shown in Eq. (13.1a). With A//R = 241.8 kJ/mol and AGr = 228.5 under standard conditions (0 °C andp = 100 kPa) there is a theoretical efficiency of 95%. If the reaction results in condensed H20, the thermodynamic values are A//R = 285.8 kJ/ mol and AGR = 237.1 and the efficiency can then be calculated as 83%. 

The resulting early transit road network focuses on connecting early-user centres within the HyWays countries, but also on international links. Furthermore, the motorways around early-user centres with high population densities should be equipped with hydrogen fuelling stations to facilitate daily commuting in these regions. 

In the past decade, the vision of a hydrogen-fuelled future has gained remarkable momentum with US policymakers and industry. The US Federal government pledged its support for hydrogen research, development and implementation when it announced a five-year, 1.2 billion programme that included the FreedomCar and... 

One of the applications for hydrogen is for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells. As mentioned earlier, one application is a hydrogen fuelled hybrid fuel cell / ultra-capacitor transit bus program where significant energy efficiencies can be demonstrated. Another commercial application is for fuel cell powered forklifts and other such fleet applications that requires mobile electrical power with the additional environmental benefits this system provides. Other commercial applications being developed by Canadian industry is for remote back-up power such as the telecommunications industry and for portable fuel cell systems. 

Hydrogen-fuelled solid polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. 

The Tees Valley Hydrogen Project will investigate hydrogen fuelling and hydrogen production from renewable sources. 

CRYOPLANE "Liquid Hydrogen Fuelled Aircraft-System Analysis". Coals A large consortium of companies, research institutions and universities of 11 European countries, co-ordinated by Daimler-Chrysler Aerospace Airbus CmbH, in which the Spanish participation was held by CASA and the Polytechnics University of Madrid, run this project. The project objective considered liquid hydrogen as the only known fuel suitable for aviation to be produced from renewable energy sources and offering extremely low pollutant emissions. 

FIGURE 5.21 Honda Motor Company s hydrogen-fuelled FCX fuel-cell car with a range of 170 miles and a top speed of 93 mph. (Courtesy of Ballard Power Systems.)... 

The system efficiency r)syst of a hydrogen fuelled combined fuel cell-heat cycle is plotted over the cell temperature lie in Figure 2.14 on the right side. The exergetic efficiency of the fuel cell fc is varied between 0.7 and 1 and the exergetic efficiency of the heat engine he is constant at 0.7. 

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