Industrial chemistry Austria

Anton Schrotter, the son of an apothecary at Olmiitz, Austria, studied medicine, chemistry, and physics, and in 1830 received an appointment in the Technical Institute in Graz, Austria. In 1843 he was called to die Polytechnic Institute in Vienna. After twenty-five years of outstanding service there he was appointed Director of die Mint (55). His last contribution to science was a chapter on Phosphorus and matches in Dr. A. W. von Hofmann s Report on the Development of Chemical Industry During the Last Decade, which was published in Brunswick in 1875-77 (55). 

Carl Auer, Baron von Welsbach, was bom on September 1, 1858, at Vienna (4). After completing the courses at the gymnasium and Poly-technicum of his native city, he went to Heidelberg to study under Robert Bunsen. The quiet, industrious, unsociable boy from Austria soon became a favorite of the great German master. Auer was deeply interested in inorganic chemistry, and especially in minerals. The rare earth minerals of the north attracted him so much that he began to search for specimens. 

The CMR and MBRs provided the basis for modern commercial microwave reactors, including robotically operated automated systems that are now widely employed in synthetic research and pilot-scale laboratories in academia and industry [13]. Since 2000, commercial microwave reactors have become available. Batch systems, produced by three major companies in Italy and Germany, Sweden and the United States, typically operate on a scale from 0.5 mL up to 2 L. Other companies based in Austria, Poland and Japan have also recently entered the market. Systems possessing either multimodal or monomodal cavities are produced with one recent addition being a single unit capable of performing in either mode as required. Microwave reactors are employed extensively in chemical discovery where successive reactions can be performed rapidly in parallel or sequentially. One manufacturer recently estimated that about 10000 reactions per week were performed in its systems alone. This indicates the extent to which microwave chemistry in closed vessels has dramatically influenced approaches to synthesis. 

At the start of the First World War, nearly all fine chemicals, such as pharmaceuticals and anaesthetics, were produced in Germany and Austria. Thus, it was of the utmost priority to develop a homegrown organic chemical industry. This task took time. Arthur Schuster, Secretary to the Royal Society, wrote to all university chemistry departments It has been thought desirable to enlist the voluntary services of the many chemical laboratories connected with the educational institutions of the country, to meet the urgent demand for the immediate supply of certain of these drugs, mainly organic products. 10... 

With this book, I have tried to collect reviews of several aspect of the chemistry and catalytic properties of ceria and related materials which in my opinion are relevant in the future development of the field. Catalysis by ceria and related materials enjoyed contributions from industrial, academic and government laboratories from around the world (Austria, Denmark, England, France, Italy, Japan, Spain, the Netherland, U.S.A.) involved in the study of characterization and catalytic properties of ceria and Ce02-containing materials. 

A. G. CHMIELEWSKI Industrial Applications and Chemistry Section Division of Physical Chemical Sciences Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications International Atomic Energy Agency 1400 Vienna, Austria... 

Acknowledgement. The work reported here was sponsored by the Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft and the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie. Some of the material was presented at the summer school on Theoretical Chemistry in Linz/Austria 1971. The author thanks particularly Dr. R. Ahlrichs and Dr. V. Staemmler for their contribution to the work summarized here and to Dr. W. Meyer for discussions. 

The OCHZ published various original papers, summaries of artieles from other journals, reviews, eommunieations about patents, short reviews of re-eently edited books, questions from readers to be answered by experts, reports from industry and trade and announcements and reports from VOCH. Also the Chemisch-Physikalische Gesellschaft decided to publish its minutes in the OCHZ. However, we cannot find in OCHZ original research papers in contrast to the publications of other chemical societies (like Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft or American Chemical Society) as there had existed since 1880 the Mormtshefte fiir Chemie (Chemical Monthly)," where most Austrian chemists published their scientific papers. The intended readers of OCHZ were mainly chemists from industry (chemical and food) and administration, who wanted information about industrial developments in Austria and abroad, about new institutions, biographical notes about famous chemists and reports summarizing new developments in various fields of chemistry. 

IAEA-TECDOC-1062, Stabihty and stabilization of polymers under irradiation, January 1999, Einal report of a coordinated research project 1994-1997, International Atomic Energy Agency, Industrial Applications and Chemistry Section, Wagramer Str. 5, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria (1999). 

Prior to his present academic position, he gained industrial ejqperience as section head in molecular spectroscopy and thermal analysis from 1974 to 1987 in the Corporate R D Department of Bayer AG, Germany. He also worked as leaurer at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (1972-1974), and as postdoc at the University of Cologne, Germany (1971-1972), after receiving his PhD in chemistry from the University of Vieima, Austria, in 1970. 

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