Schuster, Arthur

The reversing-layer picture is sometimes referred to as the Schuster-Schwarzschild model , but Arthur Schuster and Karl Schwarzschild considered more sophisticated models of radiative transfer (including scattering) than the one used here. 

See Peter John Davies, "Sir Arthur Schuster, 18511934," 2 vols. (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, 1983), Chap. 5, pp. 6, 14. Quotations, from Burkhardt,... 

At the start of the First World War, nearly all fine chemicals, such as pharmaceuticals and anaesthetics, were produced in Germany and Austria. Thus, it was of the utmost priority to develop a homegrown organic chemical industry. This task took time. Arthur Schuster, Secretary to the Royal Society, wrote to all university chemistry departments It has been thought desirable to enlist the voluntary services of the many chemical laboratories connected with the educational institutions of the country, to meet the urgent demand for the immediate supply of certain of these drugs, mainly organic products. 10... 

Draft Letter, Arthur Schuster, Royal Society, to all U.K. Universities, undated, November 1914, Royal Society Archives, Cmb 28. 

The vast array of numbers, thousands of numbers, representing the wavelengths of these spectral lines required an explanation. Was there an underlying pattern If so, what was happening inside the atom to cause the observed pattern of spectral lines George Johnstone Stoney (1826-1911) proposed in a 1868 paper that spectral lines were caused by some kind of periodic motion inside the atom. Arthur Schuster (1851-1934) refuted Stoney s idea in 1881, but concluded, Most probably some law hitherto undiscovered exists. ... 

Arthur Schuster, On Harmonic Ratios in the Spectra of Gases, Proceedings of the Royal Society 31, 337-347 (1881). 

As several researchers have shown empirically, the use of —log(reflectance) can provide, analogous to a transmittance measurement, a linear relationship between the transformed reflectance and concentration, if the matrix is not strongly absorbing as can be found for many samples studied by near-infrared spectroscopy. This issue is presented in detail below. A different approach based on a physical model was considered for UV/VIS measurements and later also applied within the mid-infrared. A theory was derived by Kubelka and Munk for a simple, onedimensional, two-flux model, although it must be noted that Arthur Schuster (1905) had already come up with a reflectance function for isotropic scattering. A detailed description of theoretical and practical aspects was given by Korttim. The optical absorption... 

Arthur Schuster (1905) derived a reflectance function for isotropic scattering as... 

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