Auer, Carl

Auer, Carl, 204. 246, 247 Auger effect, 208-209 Auger, Pierre-V.. 208 209 Avogadro, Amedeo. 131 132,... 

Austrian chemist Carl Auer (Ereiherr von Welsbach) invents the Welsbach mantle, tripling the output of kerosene lamps and... 

Carl Auer von Welsbach (1858-1929) separated praseodymium and neodymium. 

Georges Urbain (1872-1938) and Carl Auer von Welsbach confirmed the existence of the element in 1907. 

Neodymium (Nd, [Xe]4/46.s 2), name and symbol after the Greek words veo< + L upoq (neos + didymos, new twin). Discovered (1885) by Carl F. Auer von Welsbach. 

Lutetium (Lu, [Xe]4/ 145 / 6.v2), name and symbol after the Latin word Lutetia (Paris). Discovered (1907) by Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach. Silvery white metal. 

Neodymium - the atomic number is 60 and the chemical symbol is Nd. The name was originally neodidymium and was later shortened to neodymium, which is derived from the Greek neos for new and didymos for twin . It was discovered by the Swedish surgeon and chemist Carl Gustav Mosander in 1841, who called it didymium (or twin) because of its similarity to lanthanium which he had previously discovered two years earlier. In 1885, the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach separated didymium into two elements. One of which he called neodymium (or new twin). 

In 1885 Carl Auer Baron von Welsbach (1858-1929) separated the oxides of two similar elements from didymium. He named one praseodymium from the Greek word prasios, which means green or the green twin, and he named the other element neodymium, which is derived from new and dymium and means new twin. ... 

In 1885 Carl Auer Baron van Welsbach separated a common rare-earth called didymium into two distinct rare-earths. One he called green didymia (praseodymium) and the other he named new didymia (neodymium). The green color of green didymia (praseodymium) is caused by contamination of iron. 

It is obvious that the narrow band thermoluminescence 8, 9) influenced Carl Auer von Welsbach in developing his mantle between 1884 and 1892, but as discussed in the next chapter, the optimized conditions for white gas-light rather involve another t cpe of excited states of cerium(IV). On the other hand, the cathodo-luminescence in narrow bands discovered by William Crookes and carefully studied by Urbain [12) corresponds to internal transitions in the partly filled shell. Thus, the excited state of 4/ europium(III) produces the red emission (important for colour television) in the orthovanadate [13) Yi Eux VO 4 and in the oxysulphide (74) by transitions to " Fz, and Fq. Certain... 

Austrian mineralogist Carl Auer von Welsbach Found in the ores bastnasite and in monazite, which contain all of the natural rare earth elements alloy used in the auto and aircraft industries. 

Austrian mineralogist Carl Auer von Welsbach Highly magnetic and used in many commercial applications can be used to detect counterfeit paper money by showing whether the printing ink is magnetic. 

Austrian mineralogist Carl Auer von Welsbach and French scientist Georges Urbain Expensive and rare with few commercial applications name derives from the ancient Roman name for Paris. 

The three major (and up to the year 1930 only) uses for the rare earth elements were related either directly or indirectly to li t. IXgo of these important inventions stem from the great Austrian scientist, inventor and entrepreneur, Carl Auer von Vfelsbach. His greatness can be gauged 1 his basic oontributions to both of the major developments in the production of light. 

Origins. Since the 1890 S, monazite, the first commercial rare earth ore, was mined from black beach sands in Brazil and shipped to Austria for its 5 to 10% thorium oxide content. Carl Freiherr Auer von Welsbach spent 20 years of research work developing a bright incandescent gas mantle he discovered in 1866 with... 

Carl Auer, Baron von Welsbach, was bom on September 1, 1858, at Vienna (4). After completing the courses at the gymnasium and Poly-technicum of his native city, he went to Heidelberg to study under Robert Bunsen. The quiet, industrious, unsociable boy from Austria soon became a favorite of the great German master. Auer was deeply interested in inorganic chemistry, and especially in minerals. The rare earth minerals of the north attracted him so much that he began to search for specimens. 

Although the first little collection that he showed to Bunsen would not have filled a child s hand, Bunsen laughingly told him to begin his investigation 16). Carl Auer s researches on the rare earths, which were begun m this modest manner at Heidelberg, were continued for the rest of his life. 

Auer von Welsbach, Carl, "History of the invention of incandescent gas-... 

Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by Austrian chemist Carl Auer (Baron von Welsbach 1858—1929). Auer found the new element in a mineral called didymia. Didymia, in turn, had been found in another complicated mineral known as ceria, originally found in Sweden in 1803. It took chemists nearly a century to completely analyze ceria. When they had done so, they found that it contained seven new elements. Neodymium was one of these elements. 

A few years after didymium was discovered, Austrian chemist Carl Auer (Baron von Welsbach) (1858—1929) made a correction to Mosander s research. Didymium was not a pure element, Auer announced, but a combination of two other new elements. He called these elements neodymium and praseodymium. 

French chemist Georges Urbain and Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach independently discover lutetium. 

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