Hypothermia induced

CCK is found in the digestive tract and the central and peripheral nervous systems. In the brain, CCK coexists with DA. In the peripheral nervous system, the two principal physiological actions of CCK are stimulation of gaU. bladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion. CCK also stimulates glucose and amino acid transport, protein and DNA synthesis, and pancreatic hormone secretion. In the CNS, CCK induces hypothermia, analgesia, hyperglycemia, stimulation of pituitary hormone release, and a decrease in exploratory behavior. The CCK family of neuropeptides has been impHcated in anxiety and panic disorders, psychoses, satiety, and gastric acid and pancreatic enzyme secretions. 

Krieger DW, De Georgia MA, Abou-Chebl A, Andrefsky JC, Sila CA, Katzan IL, Mayberg MR, Furlan AJ. Coohng for acute ischemic brain damage (cool aid) an open pilot study of induced hypothermia in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2001 32 1847-1854. 

Martin, KF, Phillips, I, Hearson, M, Prow, MR and Heal, DJ (1992) Characterization of 8-OH-DPAT-induced hypothermia in mice as a 5-HTlA autoreceptor response and its evaluation as a model to selectively identify antidepressants. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 107 15-21. 

Antagonism of CB agonist (WIN 55,212-2)-induced hypothermia in mouse, expressed as least... 

The in vivo properties of compounds (464), (466) and (468)-(470) relative to (382) were investigated in two animal models a CBi agonist-induced hypotension rat model and a CBi agonist-induced hypothermia mouse model. Shown to be only moderately active in the in vitro screens, thiazole (464) and triazole (466) analogues failed to demonstrate convincing oral activity. Compound (468) was active in the hypotension model but showed... 

Cook LL, Edens FW, Tilson HA. 1988b. Pharmacological evaluation of central adrenergic involvement in chlordecone-induced hypothermia. Neuropharmacology 27(9) 881 -887. 

Huang Q, Matsuda H, Sakai K, Yamahara J, Tamai Y. (1990). [The effect of ginger on serotonin induced hypothermia and diarrhea]. Yakugaku Zasshi. 110(12) 936-42. 

In humans, the antidepressant activity of NMDA receptor antagonists has not been evaluated extensively (Skohiick 1999). In animal models of depression, NMDA receptor antagonists have been reported to exert positive effects in most studies (Trullas 1997). This concerns mainly the forced swim test (Maj 1992 Moryl et al. 1993 PrzegaUnski et al. 1997) and stress-induced anhe-donia (Papp and Moryl 1994). Amantadine but not memantine was effective against reserpine-induced hypothermia (Moryl et al. 1993). In the forced swim test, both amino-adamantanes produced specific antidepressive-like activity (Moryl et al. 1993). 

Homeostatic regulation of body temperature is mediated in part by the action of endogenous opioid peptides in the brain. This has been supported by experiments demonstrating that administration of -opioid receptor agonists such as morphine administered to the anterior hypothalamus produces hyperthermia, whereas administration of agonists induces hypothermia. 

Concentrated solutions of resorcinol are irritating to the skin and ingestion of large doses may induce hypothermia, hypotension, decreased respiration, tremors, icterus and haemoglobinuria in children (lARC, 1977). 

In order to ensure accuracy of vector delivery to the heart and to prevent any potential injury to the animal from any movements during vector administration, neonates are anesthetized by induced hypothermia in which the animals are wrapped in cellophane and floated in an ice water bath until their activity slows. The neonate will be removed from ice and placed on a pad under a microscope and fight, and rubbed down with a sterile alcohol pad. Up to 25 ul of vector can be directly injected into the heart through the chest cavity using a 33-gauge needle on a Hamilton syringe. 

Direct cardiac delivery into adults can be performed via the vector transfer procedure described by Ikeda et al. (2002). Briefly, animals are anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital (75 mg/kg), and ventilated. The right carotid artery is then cannulated with a catheter placed at the aortic root. The animal is then placed under induced hypothermia until the body core temperature drops to below 26 °C. The ascending aorta and pulmonary arteries are occluded and histamine pre-treatment is delivered to the aorta (20 mmol/1, volume 2.5 ul/g, body weight) for 3 min. The vector solution is then injected, the occlusions released 30 s later and the animal is resuscitated. 

Borgen, L. A., Lott, G. C., and Davis, W. M. (1973). Cannabis-induced hypothermia A dose-effect comparison of cmde marihuana extract and synthetic 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in male and female rats. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 5, 621-626. 

Hedlund PB, Kelly L, Mazur C, Lovenberg T, Sutcliffe JG, Bonaventure P 8-OH-DPAT acts on both 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptors to induce hypothermia in rodents. Eur J Pharmacol 2004 487 125-132. 

Hagerdal M., Harp J., Nilsson L., and Siesjo B. K. (1975) The effect of induced hypothermia upon oxygen consumption in the rat brain. J. Neurochem. 24, 311-316. 

Bernards. (1996) Induced hypothermia in intensive care medicine. Anaesth. Intens. Care 24, 382-388. 

Cancio L. C., Wortham W. G., and Zimba F. (1994) Peritoneal dialysis to induce hypothermia in a head injured patient case report. Surg. Neurol. 42,303-307. 

Dripps R. D. (1956) The Physiology of Induced Hypothermia. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. 

However, rewarming has to be considered as the critical phase of hypothermic therapy. This rebound intracranial hypertension after rewarming might be due to a proposed hypermetabolic response after induced hypothermia, as it was described after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery (40). 

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