Opioid peptides, endogenous

Opioid peptides Endogenous peptides that act on opioid receptors... 

Endogenous opioid peptides, endogenous peptides that exert their effects through opioid receptors enkephalins, ... 

The principal hormones of the human posterior pituitary include the two nonapeptides, oxytocin [50-56-6] and arginine vasopressin [11000-17-2] (antidiuretic hormone, ADH). Many other hormones, including opioid peptides (see Opioids, endogenous), cholecystokinin [9011-97-6] (CCK) (see Hormones, BRAIN oligopeptides), and gastrointestinal peptides, also have been located in mammalian neurohypophysis (6), but are usually found in much lower concentrations (7). Studies have demonstrated that oxytocin and vasopressin are synthesized in other human organs, both centrally and peripherally, and there is considerable evidence for their role as neurotransmitters (see Neuroregulators) (8). 

Endogenous opioid peptide released both in the central nervous system and in other apparatuses of the body that have many regulatory functions, including inhibition of pain transmission. 

Endogenous opioid peptides are the wide variety of endogenous peptides isolated since 1975 which are the natural ligands for the opioid receptors. The peptides... 

Endorphins belong to the group of endogenous opioid peptides. 

Nociceptin is an opioid peptide, which is the endogenous ligand for the opioid receptor-like protein (ORL). 

Opioid receptors Endogenous opioid peptides Noci-ceptin/orphanin FQ ORL-1... 

Opioid Systems. Table 2 Endogenous opioid peptides... 

Endogenous Antipyresis Endogenous Opioid Peptides Endometriosis Endopeptidase... 

Three endogenous opioids have been identified enkephalins, dynorphins and beta-endorphins. These opioid peptides selectively bind to the seven transmembrane GPCRs delta (8), kappa (k), and mu (p). Although dynorphin binds predominately to the k receptor, P-endorphines and enkephalins bind to p and 8 opioid receptors. It is important to note that the analgesia induced by opioids is mediated predominately throngh the p opioid receptor. In vitro studies have shown a decrease in the immnne function and proliferation following p-endorphin administration in rodents (Ray and Cohn 1999) and that the immunosuppressive effects by P-endorphins are steroid-independent (Berkenbosch et al. 1984 Nelson et al. 2000). 

The opioid receptors are for the endogenous opioids, peptide transmitters, jS-endorphin, endomorphins, enkephalins, dynorphins and nociceptin. Thus all the problems of drugs based on peptides need to be overcome in order for the roles of these... 

Lord, J. Waterfield, A. Hughes, J. and Kosterlitz, H.W. Endogenous opioid peptides Multiple agonists and receptors. Nature (London) 267 495-500, 1977. 

Bl 1. Bensousan, T. A., Garo, B., Renault, A., Morin, J. F., and Boles, J. M., Seram endogenous opioid peptides Mortality predictive value in acutely ill patients. Lancet 344,693 (1994). 

G9. Gindoff, P. R., and Ferin, M., Endogenous opioid peptides modulate the effect of corticotropinreleasing factor on gonadotropin release in primate. Endocrinology 121,837-842 (1987). 

Since the discovery of the enkephalins in 1975 [11] a large number of endogenous opioid peptides have been detected in mammals, and at present three distinct families of opioid peptides are known (for a review, See Ref. 12). These are the enkephalins, the endorphins (a-, (J-, and y-), and the dynorphins and neoendorphins. The recently discovered endomor-phins [13] also may represent endogenous opioid peptides. Peptides with opioid activity have also been isolated from tryptic digests of milk casein... 

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