Indicators performance data

One goal of catalyst designers is to constmct bench-scale reactors that allow determination of performance data truly indicative of performance in a full-scale commercial reactor. This has been accompHshed in a number of areas, but in general, larger pilot-scale reactors are preferred because they can be more fully instmmented and can provide better engineering data for ultimate scale-up. In reactor selection thought must be given to parameters such as space velocity, linear velocity, and the number of catalyst bodies per reactor diameter in order to properly model heat- and mass-transfer effects. 

Performance data on some typical tray and compartment diyers are tabulated in Table 12-10. These indicate that an overall rate of evaporation of 0.0025 to 0.025 kg water/(s m") of tray area may be expected from tray and tray-truck diyers. The thermal efficiency of this type of diyer will vary from 20 to 50 percent, depending on the diying temperature used and the humidity of the exhaust air. In diying to very low moisture contents under temperature restrictions, the thermal efficiency may be in the order of 10 percent. The major operating cost for a tray diyer is the labor involved in loading and unloading the trays. About two labor-hours are required to load and unload a standard two-truck tray diyer. In addition, about one-third to one-fifth of a... 

But for ordinary data, we would not expect such a sequence to happen. This is the reason most statistics work as general indicators of data performance the special cases that cause them to fail are themselves low-probability occurrences. In this case the problem is not whether or not the data are nonlinear, the problem is that they are nonrandom. This is a perfect example of the data failing to meet a criterion other than the one you are concerned with. Therefore the Durbin-Watson test fails, as would any statistical test fail for such data they are simply not amenable to meaningful statistical calculations. Nevertheless, a blind computation of the Durbin-Watson statistic would give an apparently satisfactory value. But this is a warning that other characteristics of the data can cause it to appear to meet the criteria. 

Fig. 16.6 Estimates of device performance in response to nucleic acid binding, (a) FDTD simulation showing the mass sensitivity of the device plotted as a function of the number of functionalized holes. The circles indicate the sensitivity values calculated from the simulations. The solid curve shows a least squares fit using an analytical model for the device sensitivity, which is described below, (b) Plot illustrating the dependence of the shift in resonant wavelength of a resonator on the number of functionalized holes. The blue circles indicate the data obtained from 3D FDTD simulations. The solid curve is a best fit curve of the form a( 1 eTbN) where a and b are arbitrary constants. The values of a and b used here are 6.159 nm and 0.4273, respectively. Reprinted from Ref. 37 with permission. 2008 Optical Society of America...

The fuel gas composition also has a major effect on the cell voltage of SOFCs. The performance data (33) obtained from a 15 cell stack (1.7 cm active electrode area per cell) of the tubular configuration (see Figure 8-1) at 1000°C illustrate the effect of fuel gas composition. With air as the oxidant and fuels of composition 97% H2/3% H2O, 97% CO/3% H2O, and 1.5% H2/3% CO/75.5% CO2I2OV0 H2O, the current densities achieved at 80% voltage efficiency were -220, -170, and -100 mA/cm, respectively. The reasonably close agreement in the current densities obtained with fuels of composition 97% H2/3% H2O and 97% CO/3% H2O indicates that CO is a useful fuel for SOFCs. However, with fuel gases that have only a low concentration of H2 and... 

The example contains a combination of spreadsheets (a to d see the validation plan example). Each spreadsheet contains colored cells that indicate where data entry will be performed. All other cells are colorless and protected against information entry and update. Data format and cell protection will be documented in attachments. The requirements for the individual spreadsheets are described below ... 

The 0.1 lb thrust G02/GH2 engine accumulated 150,000 ignitions and the performance data indicated a high specific impulse, repeatable impulse bit, and 100% ignition reliability at a 3 to 1 blowdown ratio, f... 

Table 10.5 provides performance data regarding the SCWO process. Typical destruction efficiencies (DEs) for a number of compounds are also summarized in Table 10.5, which indicates that the DE could be affected by various parameters such as temperature, pressure, reaction time, oxidant type, and feed concentration. Feed concentrations can slightly increase the DE in supercritical oxidation processes. For SCWO, the oxidation rates appear to be first order and zero order with respect to the reactant and oxygen concentration, respectively. Depending upon reaction conditions and reactants involved, the rate of oxidation varies considerably. Pressure is another factor that can affect the oxidation rate in supercritical water. At a given temperature, pressure variations directly affect the properties of water, and in turn change the reactant concentrations. Furthermore, the properties of water are strong functions of temperature and pressure near its critical point. 

A search of the available literature failed to produce evidence that methylphenidate has been used by the military to counteract fatigue in operational environments. However, the U.S. Navy has conducted laboratory studies in which military personnel were administered 10 mg methylphenidate or 37.5 mg pemoline during 64 hr of continuous wakefulness. The results indicated that methylphenidate did not produce improvements in objective and subjective sleepiness, or in straightforward measures of performance (27,46). However, when the performance data from a choice-reaction-time test were analyzed for trial-to-trial variance, methylphenidate was found to decrease the variance compared to placebo on the first of 2 days of sleep deprivation. The effect did not continue into the second day (51). As was the case with the vigilance studies (above), the nonsignificant or relatively small effects of methylphenidate may have resulted from the low dosage that was studied. 

Published performance data [38-42] indicate the high development status already reached Volume-specific productivity values up to 750 iNHi/lit./h = 2,3 kWiHv.mf lit. and overall thermal efficiency values from 80 to 90 % have been reported for gas generation processes including feed preheating, gas generation and purification. Unfortunately, no further details are available about reactor design and the process conditions except for very few of them. 

Thus, analysis of the nanostructure by integrated XRD measurements is limited with regard to the information it provides about the average catalyst particle. The data may well fail to provide information about the distribution of nanostructures, which can change at various rates, as indicated in Figure 6. Thus, correlations with catalyst performance data may not be meaningful because of the lack of spatial resolution of the structure analysis. 

The production and oxide characterization data for a series of curium-americium oxide production runs are presented in Table I. The table includes the composite feed analyses, the product data for each run, and a summary of the product data. Totals and averages are presented to indicate performance even though the products are not usually combined. Approximately 93.7% of the feed material was converted into product. The normal losses of actinides from the product are the result of oxide particles that stick to the product handling equipment. These are not actual process losses because they are eventually returned to rework. 

Typical performance data achieved in a laboratory scale with a single fixed-bed column are shown in Table 16. The performance data indicate that the sirotherm resin can produce water of salinity as low as 50 to 100 mg/1 dissolved salts. The operating capacity of the resins restricts the economic upper range of salinities to be treated between 2000 and 3000 mg/1. The resins can be used to treat hard water, although to remove salts of both divalent and monovalent cations the process should... 

The initial results reported from a metrics system will often indicate performance below expectations. Initial data may be skewed until metrics data collection is reliably implemented, and performance may continue to drop as improvement opportunities are defined and implemented. This sometimes occurs when the historical perspective of performance is too optimistic because objective measures had not been used in the past. Implementing near-miss data collection is one example The number of reported near misses will probably increase as reliability of reporting improves, so the number of reported near misses is likely to climb during the initial implementation phases of near-miss data collection. Audiences of metrics reports should be prepared for such situations, so the result is expected and potential negative reactions are managed. 

Aggregated metrics can be useful in tracking trends in performance over time and may substitute for continuously monitoring the detailed operations. However, the line manager will likely need to track some detailed data that indicates performance of special interest, such as data related to correcting a known... 

Novo Nordisk and others provide interactive graphs that enable the reader to customize the presentation of data to suit their needs. The user can view company-wide or facility-specific data, selecting the performance indicators and years of greatest interest to them. DSM s electronic report provides users with drop-down menus from which they can select and view environmental performance data by site. 

Available analytical performance data for fecal fat measurements in the UK also indicate that the test should now be consigned to history. Eighty-two per cent of laboratories use no internal quality control and EQA is impractical. When the titration step was assessed in an EQA exercise, between-laboratory coefficients of variation for three samples ranged from 31% to 42%. Infrared spectroscopy offers the possibility of improved within- and between-laboratory precision for fecal fat measurements, but does not address the problems of dietary input and sample collection, and is unlilcely to be available to most laboratories. 

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