Indian meal moth Plodia

Identification of 9,12-tetradecadienyl (9,12-14) compounds began with studies on two cosmopolitan pests of stored products, the almond moth (Cadra cmtella, Pyralidae Phycitinae) and the Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella, Phycitinae) [38,39]. This 9,12-14 structure has been reported from another 13 Pyralidae (only in Phycitinae) species and 11 Noctuidae species (9 species in Amphipyrinae, and 1 species each in Hadeninae and Plusiinae). These two families, however, are not closely related. Most likely, the females classified in distant groups happened to produce the same chemical in the train of their perpetual evolution of modifying the original systems for pheromone biosynthesis. The 5,7-dodecadienyl (5,7-12) structure is a carbon skeleton common... 

Both the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, and the almond moth, Cadra cautella, utilize (, Ej-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate as a primary sex pheromone (92, 93). In addition, (Z -9-tetradecen-l-ol has been identified as part of the sex pheromone of C. cautella (94). Significantly, attraction of almond moth males to their females is strongly inhibited in the presence of Indian meal moth females (95). These results emphasize the probable presence of secondary components in the sex pheromone blend that may play key roles in jamming the olfactory responses of closely-related and sympatric species. 

Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella) Bt var. kurstaki Bt var. aizawai... 

In addition to carboxylesterases, another hydrolyzing enzyme, proteinase, is also involved in resistance. Oppert et al. (1997) showed that two Bt-resistant strains of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, lack a major gut proteinase that activates Bt protoxins as compared with susceptible strains. The absence of this enzyme is genetically linked to larval susceptibility to the toxin. 

Animals. Manduca sexta larvae were reared on an agar-based diet (11) at 28 C and 60% relative humidity with a 16-h photophase. The Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella Hubner, and American cockroach, Periplaneta americana L., were taken from laboratory cultures. Dissection was performed under anesthesia by cooling to 5°C (12). 

Wettable powder formulations of pyrethrins synergized with PRO were found to be longer-lasting for surface sprays against Indian meal moth, Plodia stuer-puncteila (Hubner), than water-diluted emulsions (Kanlack and Laudani, 1957. This is because of absorption of the active material into surface substrates when emulsion concentrates are used, whereas wettable powders leave a residual surface deposit, even if the water penetrates the surface,... 

Potential for fir resistance. During the relatively short gap in time between discovery and commercialization of rDNA insecticides, researchers will hopefully have an opportunity to explore an important potential limitation to the use of Br-based insecticides-the development of resistance. In 1985, McGaughey reported evidence for the only documented case of Bt resistance in a field population of insects (291. The Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, is a lepidopteran pest of stored grain that was successfully controlled with Bt variety kurstaki for several years. However, McGaughey s study showed that an observed decline in the efficacy of Bt was due to the development of resistance among treated Plodia populations. 

Kellen, W.R. and Hoffmann, D.F. (1987) Laboratory studies on the dissemination of a granulosis virus by healthy adults of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera Pyralidae). Environmental Entomology 16, 1231-1234. 

Mankin, R. W., Vick, K. W., Mayer, M. S. and Coffelt, J. A. (1980b) Anemotactic response threshold of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hiibner) (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) to its sex pheromone. J. Chem. Ecol., 6, 919-28. 

Podoler, H. (1974) Effects of intraspecific competition in the Indian meal-moth Plodia interpunctella Hiibner) (Lepidoptera Phycitidae) on populations of the moth and its parasite Nemeritis canescens (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae). J. Anim. Ecol., 43, 641-51. 

Several members of the family Phycitidae share the same pheromone, and field studies involving several of these moths have been carried out. Reichmuth et al. (613) showed the utility of pheromone traps for early detection of the tobacco moth, Ephestia elutella, and the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. Sower et al. (614, 615) showed that mating frequency of the Indian meal moth and the almond moth, E. cautella, was effectively reduced at low population densities. Wheatley (107) and Haines (617) also reported that mating frequency of the almond moth was reduced, and that detection and survey traps would be feasible and very useful for this pest and several related species. 

Mullen, M.A., Wileyto, E.P., and Arthur, F.H. 1998. Influence of trap design and location on the capture of Plodia interpunctella (Indian meal moth) (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) in a release-recapture study. J. Stored Prod. Res. 34, 33-36. 

Pissodes strobi White pine weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Plodia interpunctella Indian meal moth Lepidoptera Pyralidae Prays citri... 

Sower, L. L., W. K. Turner, and J. C. Fish Population-density-dependent mating frequency among Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera Phycitidae) in the presence of synthetic sex pheromones with behavioral observations. J. Chem. Ecol. 1,335—342 (1975). Sower, L. L., and G. P. Whitmer Population growth and mating success of Indian meal moths and almond moths in the presence of synthetic sex pheromones. Envir. Entomol. 6,17—20(1977). 

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