Traps design

Research Committee, Buhh/e Trap Design Manual American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 1958. 

Organic trap designs are available that employ a combination of activated carbon and cross-lined resin beads without ionic functionality. 

Sink traps of resistant plastic are now well accepted. They are easy to install and also easy to clean. Drains of glass pipe are sometimes seen in special installations. Some laboratories install regular thin-walled sink traps designed for kitchen use. The author s experience with them, even in the home, has been poor. 

The trap shown in Fig. 3 is a modification of the moisture trap designed by Dean and Stark.1 The dimensions may be varied to suit individual purposes, for the size is largely a matter of convenience. The trap may be used without the inner funnel, but with this funnel (C. F. Koelsch, private communication) the condensate separates into two layers rapidly and completely, and... 

FIGU RE 5.1 Ion path for 4000 QTRAP, showing linear ion trap design in Q3. (Courtesy of Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California.)... 

Attempt to identify agent or weapon, type of dissemination (aerosol/liquid/vapor/solid), and characteristics of the agent and threats posed. Search the area for secondary explosive devices or booby-traps designed to kill or maim first responders. Limit the number of personnel and exposure time on scene. 

Figure 8-3. Drainage Trench Flame Trap Designs...

Eggs must be protected, or the adults will eat them. An egg trap designed for small system tanks can be placed into the bottom of the tank late in the afternoon prior to the day eggs are needed. Other types of traps can be used in the bottom of larger system tanks or stand-alone aquaria. 

A 200-ml. three-necked flask is equipped with a thermometer, a mechanical stirrer, a gas inlet tube extending as far into the flask as the stirrer permits, and a trap (designed to return the heavier layer of the condensate) (Note 1), which is attached to a bulb and a coil-type reflux condenser connected in series. Methyl p-ethylbenzoate (98 g., 0.597 mole) (Note 2) and a mixture of 1 g. of chromium oxide and 4 g. of calcium carbonate, prepared by grinding the solids together in a mortar, are added. An air line with a bleed control valve (Note 3) is connected from the top of the condenser to a water aspirator. The flask is heated with a hemispherical electric mantle (Note 4). 

The main benefits of the mass chromatographic system can be summarized as follows. (1) Precise quantitative analysis can be performed without individual peak calibration. (2) Molecular weights are readily determined for compounds that can be gas chromatographed. (3) Peak identification is usually possible by the combined use of molecular weight and retention data (when such data are available). (4) The unique trap design and dual aspects of the instrument are ideally suited for evolved gas analysis from thermal analyzers, catalyst studies, etc. These benefits will be discussed throughout the paper with emphasis oriented to the polymer field. 

A trap design which allows periodic cleaning is highly desirable for chemical vacuum systems. Two such designs are illustrated in Fig. 6.5, where some of the desirable features are described. 

Mass analyzer is the term given to the part of the mass spectrometer that discriminates between ions on the basis of their mass-to-charge ratios (m/z). The most common instruments currently in use with MALDI and ESI sources for the analysis of carbohydrates are quadrupole-based instruments, TOF mass spectrometers, and ion-trapping instruments (ion cyclotron resonance and quadrupole ion-trap designs). 

Ross D. W. and Daterman G. E. (1998) Pheromone-baited traps for Dendroctonus pseudotsugae (Coleoptera Scolytidae) influence of selected release rates and trap designs. J. Econ. Entomol. 91, 500-506. 

Comparison of trap designs for use with aggregation pheromone and synthetic co-attractant in a user-friendly attract and kill system to control Carpophilus spp. (Coleoptera Nitidulidae). Aust. J. Entomol., 46, 244-250. 

James, D.G., Bartelt, R. J. and Moore, C. J. (1996a). Trap design effect on capture of Carpophilus spp. (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) using synthetic aggregation pheromones and a coattractant. J. Econ. Entomol., 89, 648-653. 

Williams, R.N., Fickle, D. S., Bartelt, R. J. and Dowd, P.F. (1993). Responses by adult Nitidulidae (Coleoptera) to synthetic aggregation pheromones, a coattractant, and effects of trap design and placement. Eur. J. Entomol., 90, 287-294. 

Figure 7.4 Mixing curves. (From Bubble Trap Design Manual." by AIChE Research Committeer Distillation Subcommittee, 1955. Reprinted courtesy of the American Institute of Chemical. Engineers.)...

There are four basic foreline trap designs (and one post-pump trap) ... 

All traps designs require proper use and maintenance. Mistakes, or improper use, can at a minimum backfill your system with the hydrocarbon oils you are trying to prevent from getting in there to the condensable vapors you are trying to remove. All trap designs should have a valve between the trap and the system to... 

The most efficient way to prevent the liquid from an oil or mercury pressure gauge or bubbler from spilling into the rest of your vacuum system is to place a liquid trap between the liquid container and the vacuum system. The liquid trap design is fairly straightforward (see Fig. 7.36), and the installation of one is strongly recommended. 

Distilling Head Use a Clevenger trap designed for use with oils heavier than water. A suitable design is shown in Fig. 38a. 

The Paul trap is a device of considerable importance for high-resolution laser spectroscopy. Moreover, the Paul trap has been proposed as the centrepiece of a new generation of ultra-stable atomic clocks (see, e.g., Itano et al. (1983), Wineland et al. (1984)). Related trap designs have very recently come into prominence from their use in first observation of gaseous Bose-Einstein condensation (Anderson et al. (1995), Collins (1995)). 

Various trap designs were tried, and it was concluded that traps packed with stainless steel helices gave the best recovery of precursors. 

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