Ephestia elutella

Phelan, P. L. and Baker, T. C. (1986). Male-size-related courtship success and intersexual selection in the tobacco moth, Ephestia elutella. Experientia 42 1291-1293. 

The development of the moths, Plodia interpunctella and Ephestia elutella at 11 humidities was the subject of a study by Imura (1981). Humidity had little effect on eggs laid, % hatch, or pupal mortality. Development of E. elutella from egg to adult varied from 37 days at 76% r.h. to 92 days at 33% r.h. P. interpunctella took 29 days at 76% r.h. and 71 days at 43% r.h. However, the crucial effect of r.h. was on the death of the developing moths, so that E. elutella failed to develop at 23% r.h., due to cumulative mortality of the stages, and P. interpunctella failed to complete development at 38% r.h. 

Cocoa Plodia interpunctella, Ephestia cautella, Ephestia elutella... 

Johnson et al. (1973) first proposed the feasibility of application of an immunoassay method for the detection of insect pest contamination in food commodities. In their studies, crude extracts of individual insects such as D. melanogaster (eggs and adults), Plodia interpunctella (larvae), T. confusum (larvae), Ephestia elutella (larvae), S. oryzae (adults), and S. granarius (adults) served as antigens for the development of appropriate antibodies in rabbits. Subsequently, immunochemical tests comprising immunodiffusion and passive hemagglutination were conducted with insect extract samples to detect the pest. 

Borthwick, J., C.J.W. Brooks, W.W. Reid, and R.A. Russell Phytochemistry of the genus Nicotiana. Part VI. A preliminary GC/MS study of some diterpenes and sterols Ann. Tabac SEITA 12 (Sect.2) (1975) 22-25. Boulter, D., D. Peacock, A. Guise, J.T. Gleavest, and G. Estabrook Relationships between the partial amino acid sequences of plastocyanine members of ten families of flowering plants Phytochemistry 18 (1979) 603-608. Brady, U.E. and D.A. Nordlund Cis-9-trans-12-tetradecadien-l-yl acetate in the female tobacco moth Ephestia elutella (Hiibner) and evidence for an additional component of the sex pheromone Life Sci. 10 (1971) 797-801. 

Mudd, A. and Corbet, S. A. (1973) Mandibular gland secretion of larvae of the stored products pests Anagasta kuehniella, Ephestia cautella, Plodia interpunctella and Ephestia elutella. Ent. exp. appl., 16, 291-3. 

Several members of the family Phycitidae share the same pheromone, and field studies involving several of these moths have been carried out. Reichmuth et al. (613) showed the utility of pheromone traps for early detection of the tobacco moth, Ephestia elutella, and the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. Sower et al. (614, 615) showed that mating frequency of the Indian meal moth and the almond moth, E. cautella, was effectively reduced at low population densities. Wheatley (107) and Haines (617) also reported that mating frequency of the almond moth was reduced, and that detection and survey traps would be feasible and very useful for this pest and several related species. 

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