Granulosis viruses

Baculovimses, especially nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPV) and granulosis viruses (GV), appear to be exceptionally well suited for IPM because of their extreme insect specificity. They are stomach poisons and are slow-acting. In vitro production is difficult and the products are more expensive than the bacterial insecticides. Their high host specificity is viewed as a commercial disadvantage, and improvements in formulations and appHcation techniques are needed. 

Hunter, D.K., Collier, S.S., and Hoffman, D.F. 1977. Granulosis virus of the Indian meal moth as a protectant for stored in shell almonds. J. Econ. Entomol. 70, 493-494. 

Vail, P., Hoffmann, D.F., and Tebbets, J.S. 1993. Autodissemination of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) granulosis virus by healthy adults. J. Stored Prod. Res. 29,... 

Baculovirus Subgroup A, nuclear polyhedrosis virus Baculovirus Subgroup B, granulosis virus Baculovirus Subgroup C, nonoccluded virus... 

Winstanley D, Crook NE (1993), Replication of Cydia pomonella granulosis virus in cell cultures, J. Gen. Virol. 74 1599-1609. 

Granulosis viruses are known to have a beneficial effect in fruit growing. They are ingested by caterpillars (codling moths and leafrollers) with their food and lead to the death of the pests. 

Stan OT control oy tne contusion method dispensers hung up 1 1 1 n 1 1 1 start of control of granulosis virus 1 1 1 1 ... 

USE OF GRANULOSIS VIRUS (CARPOVIRUSINE, MADEX, CRANUPOM, ETC.). The granu-losis virus is a highly selective and highly effective formulation for control of codling moth, with a very short action time. The properties of the granulosis virus are as follows. 

As the granulosis virus has very high infectivity and a very short life, optimum timing of spraying is of the greatest importance. 

DIRECT. If there is severe infestation in autumn (>3% of fruits attacked), spraying with granulosis virus (Capex) should be carried out the following spring in the greenbud-redbud stage. Capex is very effective against the summer fruit tortrix. Care should be taken to make sure that there is suitable UV stabilization of the spray. 

Microorganisms (bacteria, viruses and fungi), e.g. Baciiius thuringiensis, granulosis virus, etc. Pheromones... 

Cylindrical (nucleocapsid) Baculoviridae 80-180 Spodoptera Utura granulosis virus (SLGV) Autographa califomica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV)... 

Most likely, some moths will still successfully mate and lay eggs, and some of those eggs will escape the parasites. Fortunately, you can control the larvae that do hatch before they enter the apples by spraying pyrethrin or codling moth granulosis virus at 7-10 day intervals. 

Gophers, Crocus and, 83 Graft incompatibility, of trees, shrubs, and vines, 239-40 Grains, legumes and, 418 Granulosis viruses (GV), 461... 

GV. See Granulosis viruses Gypsophila, 112-13 Gypsophila paniculata, 112 Gypsophila repens, 112-13 Gypsy moths, 295,295 Betula and, 43 BTK for, 459 chestnut and, 69 Fagus and, 96 Gleditsia and, 107 manual control of, 430 neem for, 477 Picea and, 182 Quercus and, 193,194 on trees, shrubs, and vines,... 

Crook and Payne (1980) compared the direct (Section 14.2.1.1), indirect (Section 14.2.1.2) and the double-antibody sandwich methods (variant A) for their ability to detect and discriminate between several granulosis viruses. The indirect method was the most sensitive (1 ng/ml), the direct method was the least sensitive (15 ng/ml) and method A had an intermediate detectability (10 ng/ml). 

David, W.A.L., 1969. The effect of ultraviolet radiation of known wavelengths on a granulosis virus of Pieris brassicae. J. Invertebr. Pathol., 14 336-342. 

Summers, M.D., and Paschke, J.D., 1970. Alkali-liberated granulosis virus of Trichoplusia ni I. Density gradient purification of virus components and some of their in vitro chemical and physical properties. J. Invertebr. Pathol., 16 227—240. 

Summers, M.D., and Egawa, K., 1973. Physical and chemical properties of Trichoplusia ni granulosis virus granulin. J. Virol., 12 1092—1103. 

Tanada, Y, 1964. A granulosis virus of codling modi, Carpocapsa pomonella (Linnaeus) (Olethreutidae, Lepidoptera). J. Invert. Pathol., 6 378—380. 

Kellen, W.R. and Hoffmann, D.F. (1987) Laboratory studies on the dissemination of a granulosis virus by healthy adults of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera Pyralidae). Environmental Entomology 16, 1231-1234. 

Summers MD, Anderson DL (1972) Characterization of deoxyribonucleic acid isolated from the granulosis viruses of the cabbage looper, Ttichoplusia ni and the fell armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Virology 50 459-471... 

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