Sensitivity Indices

For very iow duetiiity or brittie materiais, the fuii Kt is appiied uniess information to the eontrary is avaiiabie, as governed by the sensitivity index of the materiai, q,. 

The international normalized ratio (INR) is a method to standardize repotting of the prothrombin time, using the formula, INR = (PTpatie t/PTcontroi)ISI, where PT indicates the prothrombin times (for the patient and the laboratory control), and ISI indicates the international sensitivity index, a value that varies, depending upon the thromboplastin reagent and laboratory instrument used to initiate and detect clot formation, respectively. 

Following massive crush injury, myoglobin released from damaged muscle fibers colors the urine dark red. Myoglobin can be detected in plasma following a myocardial infarction, but assay of serum enzymes (see Chapter 7) provides a more sensitive index of myocardial injury. 

Another common liver disease, alcoholic liver damage produced by moderate to heavy alcoholic intake, is also reflected by an elevation of the serum GOT and GPT activities. The serim glutamyl transferase activity is reported to be a sensitive index of alcoholic intake and can serve to monitor persons on alcoholic withdrawal programs (60). The LD-5 isoenzyme arises mainly from liver tissue, but has a short half-life (61), which is about 1/5 and 1/2 of the half life of the transaminases, GPT and GOT respectively. Some authors consider that a normal LD-5 isoenzyme activity in a jaundiced patient is sufficient evidence to exclude primary liver disease and that obstruction is probably responsible for the jaundice (62). In hemolytic jaundice the LDH-1 and 2 isoenzymes are elevated. 

ACCP American College of Chest Physicians ISI International Sensitivity Index... 

International Normalized Ratio (INR) The ratio of the patient s clotting time to the clinical laboratory s mean reference value normalized by raising it to the International Sensitivity Index (ISI) power to account for differences in thromboplastin reagents. Therefore, INR = (patient s prothrombin time/laboratory s mean normal prothrombin time)ISI. 

A global sensitivity analysis was performed for the lead concentration in the arterial blood model (Fig. 7) over the simulation period for each parameter. Parameters considered for the sensitivity analysis are listed in Table 8 (Annex 1). The magnitude of sensitivity is shown by relative sensitivity index. It was observed that the most influential parameter is the porosity of the sediment of the river (phi sed)... 

Zinc protoporphyrin IX is a normal metabolite that is formed in trace amounts during haem biosynthesis. However, in iron deficiency or in impaired iron utilization, zinc becomes an alternative substrate for ferrochelatase and elevated levels of zinc protoporphyrin IX, which has a known low affinity for oxygen, are formed. This zinc-for-iron substitution is one of the first biochemical responses to iron depletion, and erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin is therefore a very sensitive index of bone-marrow iron status (Labbe et ah, 1999). In addition, zinc protoporphyrin may regulate haem catabolism by acting as a competitive inhibitor of haem oxygenase, the key enzyme of the haem degradation pathway. However, it has been reported... 

Numerous behavioral measures have been evaluated for their usefulness in providing a sensitive index of exposure to ionizing radiation. Radiation-related mental retardation is the most likely type of behavioral abnormality in humans sensitivity peaked between 8 and 15 weeks of conception... 

As mentioned previously, decreased voluntary running activity of mice was one of the most sensitive indexes of an effect of ambient photochemical oxidant air pollution or simulated oxidant smog that was produced in the laboratory by irradiating diluted auto-exhaust gases. Whether this effect of the mixtures was due only to ozone or to some other oxidant is not certain. It is plausible to conclude that ozone was the... 

A relationship used in the analysis of enzyme cascade systems. It is symbolized by S (and also referred to as the sensitivity index) and is equal to 8.89[eo,5]/([eo,9] [eo.i]) where [60,5] is the concentration of effector required to attain 50% maximal amplitude, [eog] is the concentration of effector required for 90% maximal am-phtude, [eo.i] is the concentration of effector required for 10% maximal amphtude, and 8.89 is a normalizing constant used to yield a reference value of 1.00 for a pure hyperbolic binding isotherm ... 

The relationship between INR on cotherapy and warfarin alone is dependent on the dose of argatroban and the thromboplastin reagent used. Thromboplastins with higher International Sensitivity Index (ISI) values result in higher INRs on combined therapy of warfarin and argatroban. 

Similarly, monitoring the amount of mtDNA, usually via the mtDNA nuDNA ratio [72], provides a more sensitive index of diminishing mitochondrial biomass and much of this work focuses on peripheral blood samples because they are readily available. In fibroblasts treated with ddC for 4 weeks, mtDNA dropped by 80% within the first week and the lactate/pymvate ratio lagged behind, but was pathologically elevated after 3 weeks. A 4-week wash-out treatment then showed that mtDNA returned to 90% of the initial value within 3 weeks and lactate/pyruvate ratio gradually normalized over 4 weeks. It bears reiteration in this context that... 

Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (CASI) Private, via author W.K. Silverman, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, EL also in Werry, J.S. and Aman, M.G. eds.. Practitioner s Guide to Psychoactive Drugs for Children and Adolescents. New York Plenum. 

Silverman W.K., Fleisig, W., Rabian, B., et al. (1991) Childhood Anxiety and Sensitivity Index. / Clin Child Psychol 20 162—168. 

The change in Tg in the later stages of cure can provide a sensitive index of the extent of cure. For example in the BADGE/DDM system 78) it was found that the final 10 % of conversion corresponded to a 70 K increase in T. ... 

There is no question but that psychedelics influence language, although the manner in which they do so is unclear (Amarel and Cheek, 1965). It is possible that they operate by increasing the associational content of speech (Cheek and Amarel, 1968). Language is, in fact, a very sensitive index of the effects of psychedelics (Cheek, 1963). In his paper, Kripp-ner tries to analyze the effects of psychedelics in terms of the afferent and efferent functions of speech, and deals with language on both a spoken and a written level. 

---