INDEX relativity

While r is a spatial vector with components relative to the current configuration, F and its inverse are dual tensors, with one index relative to the current configuration and one index relative to the reference configuration. 

The indexed relative sensitivity factor approach obviates the necessity of measuring the relative sensitivity factors from all possible matrices, by transferring relative sensitivity factors for elements between different matrices by using the matrix-dependence of characteristic intensity ratios in the spectra. Calibration curves are constructed relating RSFs for an element in a matrix to the matrix ion species ratio (e.g. M2+/M+ for element M) generated from a single standard. 

Results can either be expressed as a relative volume loss with the abradant normalized relative to a standard rubber or as an abrasion index relative to a standard rubber. The former is the original German approach and the latter is that approach favoured by, for example, British standards. Two standard rubbers are specified which originate from the German and British standards. This is a fine example of the chicken and egg problem of standard rubber and abradant. To understand the situation it must be appreciated that an accurately specified standard abradant has been available in Germany for many years, but the rubber used to check it has a formulation of no relevance to real products and is very difficult to reproduce in laboratories other than that of its origin. The British standard rubber is based on a tire tread and, hence, has practical relevance. 

Grindability Dustiness index Relative amount of work needed to pulverize coal Amount of dust produced when coal is handled... 

Empirical Methods. The empirical methods use calibration standards to derive sensitivity factors that can be used to determine the unknown concentration of given elements in similar matrices [3. The sensitivity factors are derived from calibration curves that plot measured secondary ion intensities versus the known concentration of standards. Three types of sensitivity factors have been used the absolute sensitivity factor, the relative sensitivity factor, and the indexed relative elemental sensitivity factor. 

For one reason of simplicity, the indexes relative to the time (0 or to the axis of the kiln (z) have been omitted. 

A second important condition concerns the total internal reflection of light. This occurs when the incident and reflected light reside within a medium of higher refractive index relative to the medium supporting the refracted light (nl > n2) and... 

For use with process-equipment estimates and chemical-plant investment estimates, the Marshall and Swift equipment cost indexes and the Chemical Engineering plant cost indexes are recommended. These two cost indexes give very similar results, while the Engineering News-Record construction cost index, relative with time, has increased much more rapidly than the other two because it does not include a productivity improvement factor. Similarly, the Nelson-Farrar refinery construction index has shown a very large increase with time and should be used with caution and only for refinery construction. 

Clearly, the LSP resonance is also sensitive to the local refractive index (relative permittivity), and LSP have been studied for applications to SPR sensing as well [4]. One advantage of LSP is that the sensing volume is reduced to the local environment and so a smaller limit of detection and greater multiplexing are possible. 

Combustion properties of interest in cellular plastics and elastomers include ease of ignition (ignitibility), support of combustion (oxygen index), relative extent and time of burning, surface flammability, flame read, smoke evolution properties, and rate of beat release. The following test methods are either concerned solely with cellular plastics, m are used for both cellular and solid plastics. 

Certain quantities are defined as the ratios of two quantities of the same kind, and thus have a dimension which may be expressed by the number one. The unit of such quantities is necessarily a derived unit coherent with the other units of the SI and, since it is formed as the ratio of two identical SI units, the unit also may be expressed by the number one. Thus the SI unit of all quantities having the dimensional product one is the number one. Examples of such quantities are refractive index, relative permeability, and friction factor. Other quantities having the unit 1 include characteristic numbers like the Prandtl number and numbers which represent a count, such as a number of molecules, degeneracy (number of energy levels), and partition function in statistical thermodynamics. AU of these quantities are described as being dimensionless, or of dimension one, and have the coherent SI unit 1. Their values are simply expressed as numbers and, in general, the unit 1 is not explicitly shown. In a few cases, however, a special name is given to this unit, mainly to avoid confusion between some compound derived units. This is the case for the radian, steradian and neper. 

C2 is the cross-sectional surface area shape factor, n(Z) is the particulate size distribution function dN/dl, and Kext is the extinction eflBciency (a function of A., the wavelength of the incident light, I, the particulate size, and m, the particulate refractive index relative to the surrounding medium). Thus, the contribution of any given size fraction of the distribution to the extinction coeflBcient is partly a function of the size frequency distribution as shown by the expression... 

Index). Results are given as the refractive index relative to the sodium D-line at 40°C (no 40°C). 

Index Relative Activity (% of maximum) at Leaf Stage 1st 2nd 3rd 4th ... 

---