Index, relative risk

Dept. Risk Index Relative Risk % Risk Index Composite Exposure ( X1000) Composite Dollars Risk ( x 1000) Rank... 

The probability that chance alone accounts for the progressive increase in relative risk as the animal product index increases is 0.002. 

How can one analyze the extent of the risk How can one determine to what extent it is acceptable or unacceptable It is possible, as noted earlier, to use complex mathematical probability analyses to achieve this end. On the other hand, one can use a simpler, more practical approach, such as the following, to develop what might be termed a Relative Risk Index. 

The resulting combined rating, or Relative Risk Index, is considered to be unacceptable if the level is 9 or above. However, these ratings are not etched in stone. They are merely a guideline. Under certain circumstances, a risk may be unacceptable even if it does not meet the above criteria. 

Body mass index and the relative risk of death. 

NCRP assumes that the risk from disposal of any hazardous substance in waste can be described by means of a dimensionless risk index. The risk index for the ith hazardous substance is defined as the calculated risk from disposal of that substance, based on an assumed exposure scenario, relative to a specified allowable risk for the assumed type of disposal system. Based on this definition, the risk index is written as ... 

As the evidence accumulates that ED is a marker for asymptomatic CAD its importance as a barometer of the vasculature generally is being appreciated. Vlachopoulos et al. studied 50 asymptomatic men for CAD with ED and performed angiography in 47 (28). Nine (19%) had angiographic silent CAD. In a health screening program in Vienna 2869 men aged 20 to 80 years completed the International Index to Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire (29). Men with moderate to severe ED but not mild ED had a 10-year relative risk increase... 

Two studies evaluated the effects of lipid-lowering therapy on clinical endpoints in the leg. The Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias was a randomized trial of partial ileal-bypass surgery for the treatment of hyperlipidemia in 838 patients (9). After five years, the relative risk (RR) of an abnormal ankle-brachial index value (ABI) was 0.6 (95% Cl, 0.4 to 0.9, absolute risk reduction, 15% points, p < 0.01), and the RR of claudication or limb-threatening ischemia was 0.7 (95% Cl, 0.2 to 0.9, absolute risk reduction, 7% points, p < 0.01), as compared with the control group. 

Occupation Fatality Count Employment (in thousands) Fatality Rate3 Index of Relative Risk Leading Fatal Event (in percent)... 

Index of Relative Risk = Fatality rate for a given group + Fatality rate for all workers. 

Another method of expressing risk is an index of relative risk. This measure is calculated for a group of workers as the ratio of the rate for that group to the rate for all workers.3 The index of relative risk compares the fatality risk of a group of workers with all workers. For example, the relative risk for truck drivers in Table 1—3 is 5.3, which means that they are roughly five times as likely to have a fatal work injury as the average worker. 

Based on the index of relative risk in the chart, truck driver is not the most dangerous occupation. This distinction belongs to fishers. Commercial fishers are about four times as likely as truck drivers to be killed by a fatal work incident (21.3 and 5.3, respectively). 

Table 1-5 1995 Relative Risks of Fatal Accidents in the Workplace Using Mr. Toscano s Relative Risk Index...

Rale = (Fatal work injuries + Employment x 100,0(X) workers). Employment is based on 199.5 CPS Index of Relative Risk = Fatality rate for a given group -5- Fatality rate for aU workers. 

Figure 1-1 Guy A. Toscano s index of relative risk for fatal occupational injuries during 1995.

FIGURE 7. Relative risk for (A) cardios ascular disease and (B) cancer versus body mass index. The subjects were IT 5,195 nurses who participated in a study over 16 years. During this period, a total of 4726 nurses died — 881 from cardiovascular disease, 2586 from cancer, and 1259 from other causes. Only data from nurses who had never smoked are presented in the figure. The reiative risk of those with a BMI under 19.0 was set at unity. The results show that death due to cardiovascular disease was four times higher in the obese women, when compared to the rate for the leanest women. There seemed to be some association of obesity with cancer, though this association was clearly less dramatic than for cardio-vascuiar disease. (Redrawn with permission from Manson ef ef., 1995.)... 

Some companies make use of safety indices as a tool for assessing the relative risk of a new process or plant. The most widely used safety index is the Dow Eire and Explosion Index, developed by the Dow Chemical Company and published by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (Dow, 1994) (see www.aiche.org). A numerical fire and explosion index (F El) is calculated, based on the nature of the process and the properties of the process materials. The larger the value of the F El, the more hazardous the process see Table 9.6. 

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