INDEX benzylic

Besides appHcation as heat-resistant molding powders for electronic and other appHcations, DAIP copolymers have been proposed for optical apphcations. Lenses of high impact resistance contain 50% DAIP, 20% benzyl methacrylate, and larger amounts of CR-39 (59). A lens of refractive index 71- = 1.569 andlow dispersion can be cast from phenyl methacrylate, DAIP, and isopropyl peroxide (60). Lenses of better impact properties can be obtained by modifying DAIP with aHyl benzoate (61). 

In 1899 Thoms isolated an alcohol from Peru balsam oil, which he termed peruviol. This body was stated to have powerful antiseptic properties, but has not been further investigated until Schimmel Co. took up the subject. The oil after saponification was fractionated, and after benzyl alcohol had distilled over, a light oil with characteristic balsamic odour passed over. It boiled at 125° to 127° at 4 mm., and had a specific gravity 0 8987, optical rotation -1- 12° 22, and refractive index 1-48982. This body appeared to be identical with Hesse s nerolidol, whilst in physical and chemical properties it closely resembles peruviol. The characters of the various preparations were as follows —... 

Benzyl Acetate.—This ester is a constituent of the oils of jasmin, ylang-ylang, and similar flower oils. It has not a very intense odour, but is essential to the successful production of such perfumes as artificial jasmin. It has the formula CgHg, CH2. O. OCCH3. It is a colourless oU, boiling at 206° at ordinary pressure, and has a specific gravity 1-0570 at 16° and a refractive index 1-5034 . The propionic ester has the formula C0H5CH2OOCCH2CH3, and closely resembles the acetate in odour. 

A number of researchers have also used a proposed ASTM test mixture, benzaldehyde, acetophenone, methyl benzoate, dimethyl terphtha-late, benzyl alcohol, and benzene to demonstrate separation on a column [98]. However the first four compounds are from the same interaction group and should behave in the same way on changing conditions. The first three have almost constant indices (respectively 760, 800, and 890) so that in effect they create an index scale with constant differences against which the last two compounds can be compared [96,99]. 

A further aid in the location of the solvents and their exact specification is the Chemical Abstracts (CAS) Registry Number, shown in the second column. The Chemical Abstracts name may be the same as the commonly used one or may differ from it considerably, so that it is not always easy to find the solvents in these Chemical Substance Indexes of the Chemical Abstracts. Eor instance, benzene, methyl is a fairly transparent name for toluene, and methanol, phenyl a slightly less one for benzyl alcohol, but one has to become familiar with the systematics of Chemical Abstracts nomenclature in order to search for diethyl ether or any other more complicated compound. It is expected that with all this information available in table Al the solvents listed are definitely specified and readily found in the Abstracts and other compilation of information and data. 

Chemical Abstracts refers to sulfites as sulfurous acid esters. Simple esters (benzyl, phenyl, ethyl, etc.) are listed as sulfurous acid esters under the names of the corresponding hydroxy compound. All mixed esters are indexed separately under the heading sulfurous acid esters. ... 

An attempt has been made to analyse whether the electrophilicity index is a reliable descriptor of the kinetic behaviour. Relative experimental rates of Friedel-Crafts benzylation, acetylation, and benzoylation reactions were found to correlate well with the corresponding calculated electrophilicity values. In the case of chlorination of various substituted ethylenes and nitration of toluene and chlorobenzene, the correlation was generally poor but somewhat better in the case of the experimental and the calculated activation energies for selected Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov addition reactions. Reaction electrophilicity, local electrophilicity, and activation hardness were used together to provide a transparent picture of reaction rates and also the orientation of aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions. Ambiguity in the definition of the electrophilicity was highlighted.15... 

Several benzyl derivatives exhibit potentially hazardous properties arising from the activation by the adjacent phenyl group, either of the substituent or of a hydrogen atom. Halides, in particular, are prone to autocatalytic Friedel Crafts polymerisation if the aromatic nucleus is not deactivated by electron withdrawing substituents. Individually indexed compounds are ... 

The important field of ionic liquids, in most cases 1,3-dimidazolium salts (143) has been studied by IR and Raman spectroscopies supported by B3LYP calculations. Additionally, calculations of the heteroaromaticity (HOMA index) showed that cation formation causes a decrease of the aromaticity of the imidazole ring. However, when the R groups at positions 1,3 are benzyl or adamantyl, the aromatic nature of the heterocyclic moiety increases. Moreover, the electron distribution performed using the GAPT method indicated the positive charge delocalization in the imidazolium ring [143],... 

A global electrophilicity index of common benzylating and acylating agents has been established from MO calculations and it shows a quantitative linear correlation with the experimental substrate selectivity index from a series of benzylation and acylation reactions.21 The values of relative rate coefficients predicted from the index may be accurate to within 10%. The reaction of /-butyl chloride with anisole catalysed by /Moluenesulfonic acid in supercritical difluoromethane has been subject to kinetic analysis.22 The proportions of substitution at the ortho -position and disubstitution increase at lower pressures, attributed to the decrease in the hydrogen-bonding ability of the solvent. 

The dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan matairesinol was also found to be an anti-HIV agent [110], although the sample used in this bioassay was not isolated from a Taxus species. Another dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan, arctigenin, as well as its unsubstituted benzyl derivative exhibited anti-HIV replication activity, with EC50 values of 0.16 and 22 ig/mL and therapeutic index values of 5 and 9.1, respectively [111]. 

JIndianChemSoc 29, 46-8(1952) [Compd listed in 5th Decennial Formula Index 41-50 (1947-56), p 220F but not found in reference abstract CA 47, 2731(1953)] 2,4,6-TrlnHro-ctj-ehlorotoluene. See 2,4,6 -Trinitro-benzyl Chloride under Benzyl Chloride and Derivatives, Vol 2,p B95-R... 

The relative stabilities of substituted benzyl cations [21C ] are correlated by equation (27) with a high resonance demand parameter Tq = 1.29 (Mishima et al., 1987, 1995). The linear correlation for the whole range of substituents down to the 3,5-(Cp3)2 group (Fig. 27), contrasts with the concave Y-T plot (Fig. 7) of the solvolytic reactivities of [21]. Note that the Tq value for the gas-phase stabilities of [21C ] is identical with the r value assigned for the SnI solvolysis of [21] tosylates hence, the r value of 1.29 must be an intrinsic index inherent in [21C ], rather than a correlational artifact of a non-linear relationship for the complex solvolysis mechanism. 

Pyka and Sliwiok separated six esters of nicotinic acids methyl nicotinate, ethyl nicotinate, isopropyl nicotinate, butyl nicotinate, hexyl nicotinate, and benzyl nicotinate by adsorption HPLC on a LiChrospher Si 60 column. The mixtures containing benzene and methanol in volume proportions (O-i-lO, 1h-9, 2h-8, 3h-7, 4-1-6, and 5-1-5) were used as the mobile phases. The (min) values of esters investigated have been correlated with the dipole moments (/imph) of the mobile phases apphed, with numerical values of one topological index from among those based on the distance matrix (A, W, °7J, B) or the... 

Foaming Characteristics. When producing resol-type and benzylic ether-type foams, the index expresses apparent reactivity. Following are the foaming times ... 

Friedel and Crafts themselves observed that aluminum chloride is by no means the only specific catalyst in the Friedel-Crafts reaction. A number of other acidic metal halides could also be employed however, these were less reactive. The strength or coordinating power of different Lewis acids can vary widely against different Lewis bases. Hence it is extremely difficult to establish a scale of strength of Lewis acids in a manner analogous to that used for Brpnsted acids. Despite the difficulties, a number of qualitative orders of reactivity have been proposed. A comparative study of the activity of various Friedel-Crafts catalysts was performed by Olah and coworkers. Thus the activity index (the lowest temperature at which reaction occurs) of a large number of Lewis acid halides was measured using the benzylation reaction as the probe. 

Properties Colorless liquid fruity-spicy odor. Resembles benzyl acetate in many respects but differs in its greater volatility. D 1.083-1.087, refr index 1.511-1.513, bp 203C. Miscible with alcohols, ketones, oils, aromatic, ahphatic and halogenated hydrocarbons insoluble in water. 

Properties Mobile, pale-yellow liquid strong lemon odor. D 0.891-0.897 (15C) refr index 1.4860-1.4900 (20C) not optically active. Soluble in five volumes of 60% alcohol soluble in all proportions of benzyl benzoate, diethyl phthalate, glycerol, propylene glycol, mineral oil, fixed oils, and 95% alcohol insoluble in water. Combustible. 

Properties Colorless or pale-yellow liquid grapelike odor. D 1.132-1.138 (15C), refr index 1.578-1.581 (20C). Soluble in three volumes or more of 80% alcohol, and in benzyl benzoate, diethyl phthalate, fixed oils, mineral oils, and volatile oils insoluble in glycerol slightly soluble in propylene glycol. Congealing p 18C (4% impurity) to 10C (20% impurity). Combustible. 

Properties Colorless to light-yellow liquid peach-like odor. D 0.941-0.944, refr index 1.450-1.454. Soluble in 4-5 volumes of 60% alcohol soluble in benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, and most fixed oils. Combustible. 

The measured refractive index dispersions for benzylic amide [2] catenane, fumrot and norot are displayed in Figs. 15-17, respectively. In all cases we observe a birefringence due to the order created during the thin film deposition and favored by... 

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