INDEX Alkaline solutions

Polytetrafluoroethylene decomposition products thermal decomposition of the fluorocarbon chain in air leads to the formation of oxidized products containing carbon, fluorine and oxygen. Because these products decompose in part by hydrolysis in alkaline solution, they can be quantitatively determined in air as fluoride to provide an index of exposure. No TLV is recommended pending determination of the toxicity of the products, but air concentration should be minimal. (Trade names Algoflon, Fluon, Teflon, Tetran.)... 

Underpotential deposition of Zn on R was seen as adsorption of Zvi ions in 1970, since is as high as 1V, a value that well exceeds the one expected from previous results on various metal combinations of underpotential deposition systems. Recently, Zn underpotential deposition on R was reported in acidic solutions, and then in alkaline solutions. Zn underpotential deposition on Pd was also found in acidic and alkaline solutions. Then cyclic voltammograms of underpotential deposition on three low-index, single-crystal Rs were observed in sulfuric and perchloric acid solutions, as shown in Figs. 27 and 28. " In comparing Figs. 27 and 28, Zn underpotential deposition on R seans to take place only on Pt(llO), but not on Pt(lll) and Pt(lOO). Therefore it can be said that a cyclic voltammogram on polycrystalline R was observed on a R(110)-like surface. 

Pink hexagonal crystal density 3.26 g/cm refractive index 1.68 Mohs hardness 2.5 decomposes at 140°C insoluble in water Ksp 5.61x10 soluble in acid dissolves in alkaline solution on heating. 

A number of indexes based on the distribution of organic C in humic and nonhumic fractions are used for the evaluation of the humification level in organic amendments and amended soils (Senesi, 1989). Among others these include the degree of humification (DH), which is calculated as DH% = 100 x (HAC + FAC)/ TEC the humification rate (HR), which is calculated as HR% = 100 x (HAC + FAC)/ TOC and the humification index (HI), which is calculated as HI = NHC/ (HAC + FAC) (Sequi et al., 1986 Ciavatta et al., 1988). TOC represents the total organic carbon in the sample TEC represents the total extractable C by an alkaline solution (NaOH and/or Na4P207) HAC and FAC represent the C content in HA and FA fractions, respectively and NHC represents the nonhumified C content calculated by difference, that is, NHC = TEC - (HAC + FAC). 

Ultraviolet absorption, generalnotice, xv Ultraviolet absorption maxima indexes, acid solution, 1128-1134 alkaline solution, 1134-1138 neutral solution, 1138-1140... 

Preparation of 2-Allylphenol. The allyl ether is boiled in a flask under a reflux tube, the course of the rearrangement being conveniently followed by noting the refractive index at frequent intervals. When nu has risen to 1.55 (five to six hours) the rearrangement is substantially complete with the minimum formation of undesirable by-products. To separate a small amount of 2-methyldihydrobenzofuran, the product is dissolved in tivice its volume of 20% sodium hydroxide solution and extracted twice with petroleum ether (30-60°), from which the dihydro-benzofuran residue may be obtained by distillation. Ether should not be used for this extraction as it removes some of the phenol from the alkaline solution. The alkaline solution is acidified and the phenpl extracted with ether the extract is dried over calcium chloride and distilled under diminished pressure. A 73% yield of material boiling at 103-105.5°/19 mm., no 1.5445, is obtained. 2-Allylphenol is a colorless liquid, of guaiacol-like odor, with the following properties b.p. 220°/ 760 mm., 99°/12 mm., nf) 1.5453. ... 

Properties Colorless liquid. Bp 206-208C, fp -22.5C, refr index 1.41751 (20C). Soluble in alcohol and ether soluble in alkaline solutions. Flash p 23OF (110C). Combustible. 

Properties Colorless liquid agreeable odor. Saponified by water or alkaline solutions. D 0.950-0.980 (20/20C), fp -99.8C, bp 31.8C, flash p -2F (-18.9C), bulkd 8.03 lb/gal (68F), refr index 1.3431 (20C), autoign temp 853F (456C). Soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. 

Properties Odorless, reddish-yellow oil. Bp 148-151C (1 mm Hg), d 1.269 (25/25C), refr index 1.5060 (25C). Slightly soluble in water soluble in most organic solvents. Decomposes rapidly in alkaline solutions. 

When starch is treated with hot alkaline solutions, it behaves in the manner to be expected of a material composed of an alkali-labile fraction and an alkali-stable fraction. Starches from different sources vary in the relative amounts of these two components, and, therefore, starches can be characterized by their alkali lability. Alkali lability of a starch can be expressed as its alkali number, which is an empirical expression of the acids produced from the terminal, reducing group by the action of alkali. The alkali number (and, therefore, the alkali lability) increases progressively during acid hydrolysis. - Hence, the alkali number is an index of molecular size for linear molecules. 

The agreement between theory and experiment is very good the barrier layer behaves as an almost ideal phase, with a refractive index very close to that of the anhydrous crystalline material. This is confirmed by the A-i/f trajectory for the dissolution of the layer, which, in contrast to the behaviour of the porous hydrated oxide formed in alkaline solution, dissolved uniformly from the outer surface towards the metal. 

The protein solubility test (KOH) or nitrogen solubility index (NSI) is an indicator of solubility of protein in an alkaline solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH). It indicates the percentage of total nitrogen (protein) that is soluble. Protein solubility is important for tofii and soymilk production and for estimating the level of toasting or damage in soybean meal. Soybean meal should have a protein solubility index when... 

The studied triblock copolymer PS-PVP-PEO was purchased from Polymer Source (Dorval, Canada). The number-average molar masses of PS, PVP, and PEO blocks were 2.1 x 10 , 1.2 x 10 , and 3.5 x 10 g mol , respectively, and the poly-dispersity index of the sample was 1.10. The copolymer is insoluble in aqueous media, but the micelles can be prepared indirectly both in acidic and alkaline aqueous solutions by dialysis from 1,4-dioxane-methanol mixtures [88]. The micelles can be transferred from acidic to alkaline alkaline solutions and vice versa, but the addition of a base together with intense stirring promotes aggregation. Two factors contribute to the destabilization of micelles after the pH increase (a) In alkaline media, the PVP blocks become insoluble, collapse and form an upper layer of the core. Since the cores of micelles are kinetically frozen, the association number does not change. The mass of insoluble cores increases, while the length of soluble shellforming chains decreases, which results in a deteriorated thermodynamic stability of micellar solutions, (b) The PVP middle layer shrinks and PEO chains come close to each other, which worsens the solubility due to insufficient solvation of PEO blocks. 

Gasteiger HA, Ross PN. Oxygen reduction on platinum low-index singlecrystal surfaces in alkaline solution rotating ring DiskPt(hkl) studies. / Phys Chem 1996 100(16) 6715-21. 

Blizanac BB, Ross PN, Markovic NM (2006) Oxygen reduction on silver low-index single-crystal surfaces in alkaline solution rotating ring disk Ag(hkl) studies. J Phys Chem B 110(10) 4735 741... 

Titioo (°C) Logarithm of electrical volume resistivity (ft cm) at 250°C 1 350°C Dielectric at 1 MHz and 25 °C Sy 3roperties tand (10-4) Refractive index (Xd = 587.6 nm) Stress-optical coefficient K (10- mmVN) Classes of stability ag Water chemical ainst Acid Alkaline solution... 

The total content of phenols, or phenol index, is the quickest way for the obtainment of quantitative chemical information about phenol pollution. This index is commonly determined by oxidative coupling of phenolic compounds with 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) in alkaline solution with K3[Fe(CN)e] as oxidant and spectrophotometric detection. 

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