In transient loading

Nonlinear phenomena such as these have been discussed in terms of transition-state kinetics by Schwarzl. A substantial asymmetry of a potential barrier to molecular motions, imposed by high external stress, leads to a shift of the viscoelastic time scale to shorter times as well as a broadening of the retardation spectrum. The nonlinear behavior of fibers in transient loading experiments has been interpreted in this way by Eyring and collaborators. ... 

Energy Stored, Energy Dissipated, and Work of Deformation in Transient Loading... 

Anderson, C.E. and Mullin, S.A., Hypervelocity Impact Phyenomenology Some Aspects of Debris Cloud Dynamics, in Impact Effects of East Transient Loadings (edited by Ammann, W.J., Liu, W.K., Studer, J.A., and Zimmermann, T.), A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 1988, pp. 105-122. 

Figure 4.22 Transient loads may be many times the static load in operation (Nicholson et al., 1993)...

The only function of the voltage feedback loop is to hold the output voltage(s) at a constant value. Complications arise in areas such as transient load response, accuracy of the output(s), multiple outputs, and isolated outputs. All of these individually can be nightmares for the designer, but if the design approaches are understood then each factor can easily be satisfactorily addressed. 

Foundation Loads and Pressures. Foundations should be designed to support the weight of the structure, the live load, and the load effect on the structure and its foundation due to such other loads as v. ind. In general, for foundation designs, a safety factor of 3 is used for dead loads or live loads independently. A safety factor of 2 is used for combination loads including transient loads [38,40]. 

All these features can be rationalized with the simple model of chain scission through frictional loading previously mentioned. The series of experiments performed in transient elongational flow and reported in this review show that... 

The equation of motion given above may be solved for maximum displacement response using Figure B.2. Transformation factors K, K, and Xlm are provided for a variety of structural elements in References 7, 73, 75, 92, and 93. Solutions in terms of maximum displacement response of the nonlinear SDOF model to transient loads are also provided by these references in graphical form or in the form of empirical equations. 

This equation provides us with a model-based rule as to how the manipulated variable should be adjusted when we either change the set point or face with a change in the load variable. Eq. (10-5) is the basis of what we call dynamic feedforward control because (10-4) has to be derived from a time-domain differential equation (a transient model). 3... 

These cause dynamic issues to the switching power supply, and usually the only solution to that is to have enough bulk capacitance present on the 12V output rail. Luckily, since the main feedback loop is derived from the primary 5V/3.3V rails of the power supply, there is no minimum ESR requirement for the 12V rail output capacitance, and we can freely add several electrolytic capacitors in parallel. However, modern core processors can place very fast transient load demands on the primary regulated rail, too, and for that we need a whole bunch of ceramic capacitors sitting right at the point of load. In that case we must ensure the converter is designed to accept ceramic loads. Otherwise it will break up into oscillations. 

Although the curves in Figures 13-15 were developed for transient loads defined by total applied forces and inpulses, we could as easily have developed them by initially specifying an applied pressure transient loading, with its accompanying specific impulse, plus a loaded area. So, the concept certainly applies to simple structures under blast loading. The inportant inferences to be drawn from the simple- analyses are that structures respond primarily to peak overpressure if their vibration periods are much shorter than the blast duration, while they respond primarily to specific impulse if their vibration periods are much longer than the blast duration. 

Vlachos, N., Housiada, P., Zarvalis, D., and Konstandopoulos, A. G., Transient filtration and pressure drop behavior of diesel particulate filters, in Particle Loading and Kinetics of Filtration in Fibrous Filters (M. J. Lehmann, and G. Kasper Eds.), pp. 13-26. University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe (2002). 

The requirements for long pulse operation in the next step fusion device ITER and beyond, like acceptable power exhaust, peak load for steady state, transient loads, sufficient target lifetime, limited long term tritium retention in wall surfaces, acceptable impurity contamination in central plasma and efficient helium exhaust, depend on complex processes. The input to the numerical codes, which are used for the optimization of divertor and wall components, relies to a large extend on our understanding of the major processes related to erosion and deposition, tritium retention, impurity sources and erosion processes. The reliability of predictions made with these codes depends crucially on the accuracy of the atomic and plasma-material interaction data available. 

Urinary oxalate is derived from three sources (i) hepatic synthesis, (ii) breakdown of ascorbic acid and (hi) diet. Because of an overestimation of the ascorbic acid fraction, it has long been thought that the dietary fraction was responsible for only 10 to 20% [8]. A more recent study identified a dietary fraction of around 50%, making it an important determining factor in the urinary oxalate concentration [9]. Another study demonstrated that a dietary oxalate load resulted in transiently increasing plasma and urine oxalate levels peaking in the 2 to 4 hour post-load period [10], implying that an oxalate rich meal is able to induce a temporally state of hyperoxaluria. The fact that oxalate is an unavoidable component of the human diet since it... 

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