Multiple outputs

Multivariable control strategies utilize multiple input—multiple output (MIMO) controUers that group the interacting manipulated and controlled variables as an entity. Using a matrix representation, the relationship between the deviations in the n controlled variable setpoints and thek current values,, and the n controUer outputs, is... 

To estimate the loss within each output rectifier within a multiple output switching power supply, use the ratio of the desired output s power compared to the total output power as in Equation 3.14. 

Within multiple-output forward converters, it is possible to easily combine the filter chokes of complementary outputs (i.e., +/- 5V, etc.) together on the same core (see Figure 3-2f). This offers several advantages it saves space, vastly improves cross-regulation of those outputs, and exliibits superior ripple voltage levels on both outputs. 

The only function of the voltage feedback loop is to hold the output voltage(s) at a constant value. Complications arise in areas such as transient load response, accuracy of the output(s), multiple outputs, and isolated outputs. All of these individually can be nightmares for the designer, but if the design approaches are understood then each factor can easily be satisfactorily addressed. 

Multiple output sensing is done by using two resistors in the top of the voltage sensing resistor divider. The top-end of eaeh resistor goes to a different positive output voltage as seen in Figure 3 4. 

Figure 3-53 Methods of overriding the voltage feedback loop in the event of its failure (a) overvoltage override circuit (when voltage loop goes open-circuited) (b) multiple-output overvoltage override circuit.

In order to enhance the cross-regulation of the multiple outputs, it is desired to sense a portion of all the positive output voltages. To do this, one must investigate the technology of the circuits that must draw their power from the outputs. The hypothetical loads, in this case, are... 

Watt, Universal AC Input, Multiple-output Flyback Converter... 

The topology is going to be an isolated, multiple output flyback converter that must meet the safety requirements of UT, CSA, and VDE. These considerations affect the design of the final packaging, transformer, and voltage feedback designs. 

In the next two examples, we illustrate how state space models can handle a multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) problem. We ll show, with a simple example, how to translate information in a block diagram into a state space model. Some texts rely on signal-flow graphs, but we do not need them with simple systems. Moreover, we can handle complex problems easily with MATLAB. Go over MATLAB Session 4 before reading Example 4.7A. 

When we have multiple outputs y, we want to control the output rather than the states. Complete state controllability is neither necessary nor sufficient for actual output controllability. With the output y = Cx and the result in (9-6), we can infer that the output controllability matrix is... 

The next task is to seek a model for the observer. We stay with a single-input single-output system, but the concept can be extended to multiple outputs. The estimate should embody the dynamics of the plant (process). Thus one probable model, as shown in Fig. 9.4, is to assume that the state estimator has the same structure as the plant model, as in Eqs. (9-13) and (9-14), or Fig. 9.1. The estimator also has the identical plant matrices A and B. However, one major difference is the addition of the estimation error, y - y, in the computation of the estimated state x. 

There are many advanced strategies in classical control systems. Only a limited selection of examples is presented in this chapter. We start with cascade control, which is a simple introduction to a multiloop, but essentially SISO, system. We continue with feedforward and ratio control. The idea behind ratio control is simple, and it applies quite well to the furnace problem that we use as an illustration. Finally, we address a multiple-input multiple-output system using a simple blending problem as illustration, and use the problem to look into issues of interaction and decoupling. These techniques build on what we have learned in classical control theories. 

In this section, we analyze a multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) system. 

Semba, K. (2000). Multiple output pathways of the basal forebrain organization, chemical heterogeneity, and roles in vigilance. Behav. Brain Res. 115, 117-41. 

Fig. 10.9 (A) Supramoiecuiar 1 and supramacromoiecuiar 2 polymers resulted from specific intermolecular and interma-cromolecular self-organization (B) cross-linking and multiple output generation resulting after polymerization during the generation of the supramacromoiecuiar polymers.

Output products can be one or multiple. Output factors are mainly static some cases exist where output share relations of output products are variable meaning that the relation between multiple output products produced in the same process can be varied within certain boundaries. 

The process quantity is split on one or multiple output products with their output quantities xp"pl, / r,s,p e Ips, teT. The total production... 

Multiple output power converters may not provide regulation that is good enough to meet the requirements of every output. The regulation of a single output of the converter may require some type of post regulation to meet the regulation requirements of that output. In many... 

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