Impact hypervelocity

Ang, J.A., B.D. Hansche, C.H. Konrad, and W.C. Sweatt (1991), Pulsed Holography For Hypervelocity Impact Diagnostics, Sandia National Laboratories, SAND91-2871C. 

Isbell, W.M. (1987), Historical Overview of Hypervelocity Impact Diagnostic Technology, Internat. J. Impact Engrg., 5, pp. 389-410. 

Osher, J.E., H.H. Chau, G.R. Gathers, R.S. Lee, G.W. Pomykal, and R.C. Weingart (1988), Shock-Wave Studies Using Plastic Flyers Driven by an Electric Gun for Hypervelocity Impact on Selected Materials, in Shock Waves in Condensed Matter 1987 (edited by S.C. Schmidt and N.C. Holmes), Elsevier Science, New York, pp. 673-676. 

Figure 9.30. Three-dimensional Eulerian hypervelocity impact calculation.

W.E. Johnson and C.E. Anderson, History and Application of Hydrocodes in Hypervelocity Impact, Internal. J. Impact Engrg. 5 (1987). 

Jones, A.H., Polhemus, J.F., and Herrmann, W., Survey of Hypervelocity Impact Information II, Aeroelastic and Structures Research Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Report No. A.S.R.L. 99-2, Cambridge, MA, 194 pp., December 1963. 

Bert, C.W., Mills, E.J., Gideon, D.N., and Stein, R.A., Preliminary Survey on Hypervelocity-Impact Properties of Plastics and Plastic Laminates, Battelle Memorial Institute Special Report, Columbus, OH, 24 pp., June 1963. 

Bjork, R.L., Review of Physical Processes in Hypervelocity Impact and Penetration, The RAND Corporation Research Memorandum No. RM-3529-PR, Santa Monica, CA, 51 pp., July 1963. 

Dienes, J.K., Johnson, W.E., and Walsh, J.M., The Theory of Hypervelocity Impact, General Atomics Division, General Dynamis Corporation Annual Report No., GD-GA-HVMP-AR-65/6, San Diego, CA, 119 pp., June 1965. 

Hoek, M.J.v.d., The Treatment of the Problems Due to Hypervelocity Impact During a Fast Fly-By (57 km/s) of Halley s Comet, European Space Agency Report No. ESA SP-153, Paris Cedex, France, pp. 121-129, October 1979. 

Anderson, C.E. and Mullin, S.A., Hypervelocity Impact Phyenomenology Some Aspects of Debris Cloud Dynamics, in Impact Effects of East Transient Loadings (edited by Ammann, W.J., Liu, W.K., Studer, J.A., and Zimmermann, T.), A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 1988, pp. 105-122. 

The behavior of materials under dynamic load is of considerable importance and interest in most mechanical analyses of design problems where these loads exist. The complex workings of the dynamic behavior problem can best be appreciated by summarizing the range of interactions of dynamic loads that exist for all the different types of materials. Dynamic loads involve the interactions of creep and relaxation loads, vibratory and transient fatigue loads, low-velocity impacts measurable sometimes in milliseconds, high-velocity impacts measurable in microseconds, and hypervelocity impacts as summarized in Fig. 2-4. 

Material behavior have many classifications. Examples are (1) creep, and relaxation behavior with a primary load environment of high or moderate temperatures (2) fatigue, viscoelastic, and elastic range vibration or impact (3) fluidlike flow, as a solid to a gas, which is a very high velocity or hypervelocity impact and (4) crack propagation and environmental embrittlement, as well as ductile and brittle fractures. 

Hypervelocity Impact Dependence of Crater Dimensions on Impact Velocity. Craters in copper and lead, produced by hypervelocity impact, were measured and the dimensions correlated with impact vel. The results indicate that craters scale with ca the 1.7 power of vel, in agreement with computer physics results based upon hydrodynamic calculations... 

Westphal, A. J., Snead, C., Butterworth, A. et al. (2004) Aerogel keystones extraction of complete hypervelocity impact events from aerogel collectors. Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 39, 1375-1386. 

Figure 25 depicts a typical snapshot of a detonation that can result from the hypervelocity impact of a flyer plate at the edge of a two-dimensional Model III system. That the character of the detonation obtained with Model III is much different than those obtained with either Model I or II is already evident at only about 5 ps into the simulation. All three models... 

Liffman K. and Toscano M. (2000) Chondrule fine-grained mantle formation by hypervelocity impact of chondrules with a dusty gas. Icarus 143, 106-125. 

How could natural chaoite, the only odd-numbered linear carbon [24], form Hypervelocity impacts are generally treated as vertical impacts described in P-T-volume space whereby all energy is dissipated during the... 

MacCormack RW (1969) The effect of viscosity in hypervelocity impact cratering. AIAA paper no 69-354... 

The use of high-power lasers with short wavelengths allows generation of the most extreme shock pressures in laboratories [15], but only in conjunction with extremely short pulse durations in the nanoseconds range. Laser irradiation shock experiments may be regarded as adequate simulations of hypervelocity impacts of microgram-mass micrometeorites onto atmosphere-free bodies such as the Moon [21] as well as onto spacecraft. Such impacts do not occur on Earth, as high-speed micrometeorites bum up in the atmosphere. 

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