Oxalate loading

Liebman, M., and Chai, W. (1997). Effect of dietary calcium on urinary oxalate excretion after oxalate loads. Am. ]. Clin. Nutr. 65,1453-1459. 

Urinary oxalate is derived from three sources (i) hepatic synthesis, (ii) breakdown of ascorbic acid and (hi) diet. Because of an overestimation of the ascorbic acid fraction, it has long been thought that the dietary fraction was responsible for only 10 to 20% [8]. A more recent study identified a dietary fraction of around 50%, making it an important determining factor in the urinary oxalate concentration [9]. Another study demonstrated that a dietary oxalate load resulted in transiently increasing plasma and urine oxalate levels peaking in the 2 to 4 hour post-load period [10], implying that an oxalate rich meal is able to induce a temporally state of hyperoxaluria. The fact that oxalate is an unavoidable component of the human diet since it... 

Hatch M, Freel RW. Renal and intestinal handling of oxalate following oxalate loading in rats. Am.J.Nephrol 2003 23 18-26. 

Holmes RP, Ambrosius WT. Dietary oxalate loads and renal oxalate handling. J.Urol. 2005 174(3) 943-7. 

Plant material fractionation. The detailed steps of isolation and separation of oligosaccharide fractions were described earlier [10]. Pectin was separated by boiling the cell walls in 0.5 M ammonium-oxalate buffer, pH 5.2 at 100 C for Ih. The dialyzed solution of pectin was hydrolyzed with 0.15M HCl for 3h at 100 C. Neutralized and desalted hydrolysate was loaded to the column (lx90cm) filled with biogel TSK HW-40 (Toyo Soda, Japan) equilibrated and eluted with 50mM sodium acetate (pH 5.2) at a rate of 0.3ml/min. In all fractions (1ml) the sugars were determined by o-toluidine method (Resnikov et al., 1982) and fraction IP was collected as shown on Figure 1. 

Somlyo Regarding the nuclear envelope and Ca2+, there is an old picture in a book showing strontium in the nuclear envelope within the perinuclear space (Somlyo Somlyo 1975). The trouble is, when we load with calcium oxalate, we can get an egg shell of calcium oxalate around the nucleus, but when we do electron probe analysis under normal physiological conditions, there doesn t seem to be detectable Ca2+ in the nuclear space. However, this is probably because there is no calsequestrin or other Ca2+ binding protein present. 

In both sexes, CCM-OJ provided an alkali load that significantly increased urinary pH compared to basal levels and versus milk consumption, and also increased urinary citrate excretion versus basal levels. An elevated urine pH and citrate level are generally considered to reduce Ca oxalate supersaturation and crystallization potential (Odvina, 2006). However, in this study the relative supersaturation measurement for Ca oxalate was not different between the CCM-OJ and milk treatment groups, or between either treatment and the basal levels. Although the alkalizing effect of milk was less than that of CCM-OJ, it also induced a higher urinary pH compared to basal levels (p <. 01 and p <. 05 in women and men, respectively). 

Fig. lc. Electronmicrograph of isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes loaded with calcium oxalate46. The preparation was negatively stained with potassium phosphotungstate. Size and shape of the calcium oxalate precipitates differ considerably. Fine particles which are present on the surface of most vesicles are clearly visible. In all pictures the length of the bars measures 0.1 pm... 

Zeliwsky. Proposed the addition of some oxalic acid to K chlorate, prior to mixing it with other ingredients in the prepn of expl formulations, in order to increase the safety of blending and loading operations... 

Oxalate of lime is a white powder, formed whenever oxalic acid, or one of its soluble salts, is added to a calcareous solution. It is also found in a crystallized state in animal and vegetal tissues. It is insoluble in water, solution of chloride of ammonia, or acetic acid, hut dissolves readily in dilute nitric or hydrochlorio acid, and is decomposed on prolonged boiling with soluble salts of load, copper, silver, cadmium, zinc, nickel, cobalt, strontia, or baryta. 

The milk/tissue sample was homogenized/extracted with Mcllvaine-EDTA buffer (pH 4.0). The pellet was resuspended and extracted again. The combined extracts were further filtrated on a paper disk to remove any solid particles that might result in the plugging of an SPE cartridge. The extract was loaded on a preconditioned SPE cartridge (with MeOH and water), and TCs were eluted with 10 mM oxalic acid solution in MeOH. 

The solvent extraction of rare-earth nitrates into solutions of TBP has been used commercially for the production of high-purity oxides of yttrium, lanthanum, praseodymium and neodymium from various mineral concentrates,39 as well as for the recovery of mixed rare-earth oxides as a byproduct in the manufacture of phosphoric acid from apatite ores.272 273 In both instances, extraction is carried out from concentrated nitrate solutions, and the loaded organic phases are stripped with water. The rare-earth metals are precipitated from the strip liquors in the form of hydroxides or oxalates, both of which can be calcined to the oxides. Since the distribution coefficients (D) for adjacent rare earths are closely similar, mixer—settler assemblies with 50 or more stages operated under conditions of total reflux are necessary to yield products of adequate purity.39... 

Palladium was loaded onto Ti02 at 9 to 11 mg of Pd per gram of Ti02. Solutions containing 3 mL of the compounds were prepared at pH 6.8. Solutions were prepared at 0.05-M initial concentration. Oxalate was added to the solutions to act as a sacrificial electron donor. The solutions were irradiated by a 450-W xenon short-arc lamp that emitted light up to 360 nm. The samples were irradiated for 300 min, filtered, and analyzed with an HP5890 gas chromatograph. 

Hang et al. used a HPIC instrument to create a FI separation system that was coupled to ICP-MS, as shown in Figure 9.16.60 They packed a 30-cm column with TRU-Resin, which is a much longer TRU-Resin column than would normally be used for actinide separations. Water and diluted urine samples were loaded and washed in 3 M HN03. Gradient elution from 1.0 M HC1-0.032 M oxalic acid to 0.01 M HC1-0.032 M oxalic acid released Np, Am, and Pu. Subsequent elution with additional 0.01 M HC1-0.032 M oxalic acid released Th and U. This procedure separated actinides according to valence states, with the retention order V < III < IV < VI, and hence with release in the order Np(V), Am(III), Pu(IV), Th(IV), and... 

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