Immunological results

Because it is obvious that primarily the parent drug and lipophilic metabolites are found in hair, some lA are rather specific for single substances of a drug class, e.g., RIA for cocaine (Table 2) or 6-MAM. In both cases, the substance with the highest cross reactivity to the antibody is identical with the main compound excreted into hair after drug consumption. Quantitative immunological results correlate with GC/MS. In the case of the DPC-Kit for free morphine (Table 3), there are good correlations with sensitivity and results of GC/MS and/or HPLC-ECD confirmation. ... 

Besides the study of intact microorganisms or microorganism parts, Py-MS has been used for other related purposes such as the characterization of semi-synthetic vaccines. An example is the characterization using Py-MS of a polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate [71c]. The Py-MS results were used in conjunction with the immunologic results. 

Hybridization studies between combinations of H and M subunits in vitro produce a binomial distribution of the five possible isozymes thus, for equal quantities of H and M subunits isozymes are formed in the proportion 1 4 6 4 1 (51,52). Subunit interchange can be induced by repeated freezing and thawing, dilution, or by mild denaturation. With increasing evolutionary distance the hybridization process becomes more difficult and the results more variable. It has been concluded (52) that the M chains from different species are more like each other than they are to the H chains of the same species. These conclusions are supported by chemical and immunological results (20,39,40,53,54). An antiserum against the M4 isozyme of one species will cross react with M4 isozyme from several species but not with its own H isozyme (36,54). The H isozyme is a much poorer immunogen than the M4 isozyme (55), and in some cases anti-H4 serum will cross react with M4 isozymes of other species (53,56,57). 

Foon KA, Maluish AE, Abrams PG, et al. (1986) Recombinant leukocyte A interferon therapy for advanced hairy cell leukemia. Therapeutic and immunologic results. Am J Med. 

We treated a PNP-deficient patient, born in January 1975, (8), with erythrocyte transfusions for more than 5 years. This regimen has resulted in a partial restoration of in vitro T cell function. Orally, and lateron intravenously administered dCyd had no additional benificial effect at all(6). The still existing T cell deficiency is reflected in the clinical condition of the patient she still shows a vulnerability to infection(9). We therefore have treated the patient again with dCyd, this time in combination with tetrahydro-uridine (THU), a potent non-toxic inhibitor of (deoxy)cytidine deaminase. We present here the metabolic and immunological results during this treatment. 

In addition to these glycopeptide antigens, we also synthesised the non-glycosylated MUCl(22)-peptide 41 according to the same procedure in order to compare the immunological results and demonstrate the influence of the carbohydrates on these MUCl antigen vaccines (Scheme 9). ... 

This marriage of enzymology and immunology, resulting in chemical offspring, is just one area of exciting research at the interface of chemistry and biology. 

EIA was originally developed as a histological technique to localize specific ceUular sites using the specificity of an immunological reaction (23). The resulting fluorescent antibodies can be detected in animal tissues at levels as low as 1 /tg/mL of body fluid. Eluorophore-labeled antibodies have also been used widely for flow cytometry appHcations using fluorescein antibodies to cell surface markers to detect and quantify specific cells (24). 

Nitric oxide may induce deleterious effects when airway epithelial or immunological cells are exposed to mineral particles (asbestos, quartz). These particles also stimulate cells to produce NO in large quantities, but pulmonary cells are unable to destroy these particles, and a non-physiologically excess production of NO results, perhaps causing tissue damage due to a reaction of NO with cellular macromolecules. 

Decreased activity of the thyroid gland results in hypothyroidism and, in severe cases, myxoedema. It is often of immunological origin and the manifestations are low metabolic rate, slow speech, lethargy, bradycardia, increased sensitivity to cold, and mental impairment. Myxoedema includes a characteristic thickening of the skin. Therapy of thyroid tumours is another cause of hypothyroidism. Thyroid deficiency... 

Primary skin irritation is the immediate result of the contact of a substance with skin. Symptoms appear only in the area of contact and generally correspond to local erythema and sometimes to edema and vesiculation but they commonly disappear in several hours. When there is a specific immunological response to the substance in contact with the skin, the substance is said to be a sensitizer. Subsequent responses to the contact of the skin with small amounts of this substance will probably cover large areas of the body and are not limited to erythema and edema but also to itching, suppuration, and a long persistence of the reaction. 

Pieters RHH, Bol M, Lam BW, Seinen W, Bloksma N, Penninks AH (1993) Recovery from chemically induced thymus atrophy starts with CD4- CD8- CD2(high) TcR alpha-beta-(low) thymocytes and results in an increased formation of CD4- CD8- TcR-alpha-beta(high) thymocytes. Immunology, 78(4) 616-622. 

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