Immunoglobulin module

The immunoglobulin-like domains of these classes of proteins seem to have distinct roles, integrating recognition and effector functions in the same molecule (Ryu et al., 1990 Williams, 1982). In some cases, the immunoglobulin module forms a noncovalent, lateral association with a similar module from another polypeptide chain, as is seen in antibodies... 

A. Gaskell, S. Crennell, and G. Taylor, The three domains of a baeterial sialidase A beta-propeller, an immunoglobulin module and a galactose-binding jelly-roll. Structure, 3 (1995) 1197—1205. 

Endosialidases are not unique among sialidases in combining a p-propeller with other structures. Many other sialidases contain additional domains like p-barrels, jelly rolls, or immunoglobulin modules [116] which are placed N-terminally, C-terminally, or even inserted into the p-propeller. N-terminal lectin-like domains have been identified in leech sialidase L [117] and Vibrio cholerae sialidase [118]. Interestingly, in the V. cholerae sialidase a second p-structure domain is inserted... 

C, which is found in complement proteins FI, F2, and F3, first found in fibronectin I, the immunoglobulin superfamily domain N, found in some growth factor receptors E, a module homologous to the calcium-binding E-F hand domain and LB, a lectin module found in some cell surface proteins. (Adapted from Baron, M., Norman, D., and Campbell, I., 1991, Protein modnles. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 16 13—1 7.)... 

A wide diversity of herbal remedies have purported abilities to stimulate defense functions. Complexes of carbohydrate and lignin, which are present in some herbs, modulate enteric immune functions (Kiyohara et al, 2000), and the changes in cytokine secretion (Matsumoto and Yamada, 2000) can trigger systemic responses. The polysaccharides present in other herbal medicines augment production of immunoglobulin (Ig) A by the Peyer s patches in the small intestine (Sakushima et al, 1997 Yu et al, 1998). The responses of the enteric immune system to lectins are variable (Pusztai 1993), and can elicit systemic responses (Lavelle et al, 2000). Other phytochemicals provide protection by inducing detoxification pathways in mucosal cells (Williamson et al, 1998). 

Mature B lymphocytes express AhR and ARNT,10,12 and the ability of TCDD to suppress primary antibody responses has been known for a long time (reviewed in4). While the precise mechanisms resulting in suppression of T-dependent B cell responses in vivo have not been fully elucidated, it is clear that direct effects of TCDD on B cells plays a role. Studies using two B cell lines with differential AhR expression have linked suppression of LPS-induced IgM production to AhR activation, and have shown that AhR interactions within the 3 alpha immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer directly influence antibody production.52-54 TCDD also appears to directly modulate the expression of CD19 on human B cells, suggesting another mechanism by which TCDD down-modulates the responsiveness of mature B cells.55... 

Martin-Padura I, Lostaglio S, Schneemann M, Williams L, Romano M, Fruscella P, Panzeri C, Stoppacciaro A, Ruco L, Villa A, Simmons D, and Dejana E [1998] Junctional adhesion molecule, a novel member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that distributes at intercellular junctions and modulates monocyte transmigration. J Cell Biol 142 117-127... 

Aplin, A.E., Howe, A., Alahari, S.K., Jiiliano, R.L. (1998) Signal transduction and signal modulation by cell adhesion receptors the role of integrins, cadherins, immunoglobulin-cell adhesion molecules, and selectins. Pharmacol. Rev. 50, 197-263. 

Structural domains of proteins are sometimes encoded by a single coding segment of DNA i.e., by a single exon in a split gene. Domains of this type may have served as evolutionarily mobile modules that have spread to new proteins and multiplied during evolution. For example, the immunoglobulin structural domain is found not only in antibodies but also in a variety of cell surface proteins.229 252... 

Improta, S., Krueger,J. K., and Gautel, M. (1998). The assembly of immunoglobulin-like modules in titin Implications for muscle elasticity./. Mol. Biol. 284, 761-777. 

Aebischer, I., Stampfli, M.R., Zurcher, A. et al. 1994. Neuropeptides are potent modulators of human in vitro immunoglobulin E synthesis. EurJImmunol 24(8) 1908-1913. 

The columnar epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa actively absorb and secrete extracellular ions, nutrients, and water. The active secretion of ions by these cells with an accompanying fluid flux acts to dilute and purge microorganisms or toxins in the bowel promotes the transfer of secretory immunoglobulin A, antimicrobial defensin peptides, and mucin into intestinal mucus and the gut lumen and, by affecting intraluminal pH, may alter the growth characteristics of enteric microflora [121]. Mucosal secretion is modulated by several enteric neurotransmitters, as well as inflammatory mediators released by mucosal mast cells that may affect transport indirectly through their ability to stimulate enteric neurons [122],... 

Vaccaro C, Zhou J, Ober RJ, Ward ES. Engineering the Fc region of immunoglobulin G to modulate in vivo antibody levels. Nat Biotechnol 2005 23(10) 1283-8. 

All studies on thiophilic adsorption of immunoglobulins make evident that the adsorption is improved when sulfur atoms are present in the ligand. The specificity for IgG is not extremely high, but can be modulated by the... 

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