Immortality research

Shostak, S. (1981), Hydra and cancer Immortality and budding , in C. J. Dawe, J. C. Harshbarger, S. Kondo, T. Sugimura and S. Takayama (Eds), Phyletic Approaches to Cancer, Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium of the Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund, Japan Scientific Societies Press Tokyo, Japan, 275 - 286. 

The research of the SPR was most geared toward sciences of the mind and understandings of immortality. (Myers and William James were its most famous psychologist presidents.) But some of its members came from physics... 

For in vitro toxicity studies and assessment of the barrier function, drug transport, cell physiology, and metabolism as well as the development of delivery systems, cell culture models provide powerful systems for scientific research. As the corneal epithelium is the main barrier for ocular penetration, various corneal epithelial cell cultures were established besides the corneal constructs that mimic the whole cornea and serve as reductionist models for the ocular barrier. In general, two types of cell culture models are available primary cell cultures and immortalized, continuous cell lines. 

Chemists are always looking for ways to start with ethane and bypass ethylene on the way to the present ethylene derivatives. Now an old catalyst with a new twist has been developed, based on the work of Carl Ziegler and Giulio Natta. Chemists have immortalized these two researchers for the work they did in the mid-20th century by designating their contribution as the Ziegler-Natta class of catalysts. 

DNA from any source can be utilized for pharmacogenetics research, including germline and tumor sources. Immortalized cell lines can provide an almost infinite DNA resource, and genotyping of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed immortalized lymphoblastoid cells has demonstrated similar allele frequencies to equivalent... 

McGregor, E., Muntoni, A., Fleming, J., Brown, J., Felix, D.H., MacDonald, D.G., Parkinson, E.K. and Harrison, P.R. (2002) Molecular changes associated with oral dysplasia progression and acquisition of immortality potential for its reversal by 5-azacytidine. Cancer Research,... 

A member of the National Academy of Sciences, Paul Emmett received numerous honorary degrees, awards, and medals in the United States, Europe, and Japan. His name has been immortalized through the Paul H. Emmett Award in Fundamental Catalysis administered by the Catalysis Society of North America. With over 150 research publications during his lifetime, Emmett was for 10 years an associate editor of the Journal of the American Chemical Society. His membership in the ACS spanned over 60 years, and he served as a Councilor from the Pittsburgh section during the early 1950s. Emmett attended the very first Gordon Research Conference in 1931 and occupied a front row seat at each of the GRC Conferences on Catalysis until his death. Twice he served as chairman of that annual conference. 

Immortalized hepatocytes A major drawback of the use of primary hepatocytes is that hepatocytes can not be expanded in culture. To overcome this problem, researchers have embarked on the immortalization of primary hepatocyte cultures (e.g. Bayad et al. 1991 Li et al. 2005). Currently, immortalized human hepatocyte cell lines are available commercially and may represent convenient screening experimental systems for enzyme induction studies. Unfortunately, at the time of this writing, there are no peer-reviewed publications on the application of human immortalized hepatocytes in induction studies. It is important to ensure that the induced isoforms in the cell lines are the mature P450 isoforms rather than the embryonic forms. For instance, the use of HepG2 cells may not be appropriate as the embryonic P450 isoforms CYP1A1... 

Woehler, too, had forsaken his first love almost in its infancy. Organic chemistry nowadays almost drives me mad, he complained. To me it appears like a primeval tropical forest full of the most remarkable things, a dreadful endless jungle into which one does not dare enter, for there seems no way out. He went to his minerals again and to the study of metals. In Sweden he had watched the master Berzelius at work on his researches of silicon, selenium and zirconium—three new elements. Woehler had learned much during his short stay and, a year before his immortal synthesis of urea, had already accomplished a research of the first order—the isolation of the... 

Since Harrison, in 1907, first microscopically observed neurite outgrowth from cultured frog neurons, many have experienced the powerful persuasion of direct visualization of cellular responses in culture. Standardization of media composition, introduction of antibiotics, and development of cryopreservation techniques and immortalized cell lines in the 1950s enabled routine application of cell culture in the biological research laboratory. Utilization of cell culture in toxicology soon followed with development of systems for monitoring chemically induced mammalian genotoxicity. 

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