T cells, physiology

Tang Q, Bluestone JA Regulatory T-cell physiology and application to treat autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 2006 212 217-237. 

Mustelin T, Alonso A, Bottini N et al (2004) Protein tyrosine phosphatases in T cell physiology. Mol Immunol 41 687-700... 

Cole et al. (1995) reported on knock-out mice with a germ line deletion of GR. They demonstrated that lack of GR leads to perinatal death, atelectasis of the lung, and lack of adrenalin synthesis. To circumvent perinatal lethality, Tranche et al. (1999) and Brewer et al. (2003) generated tissue-specific somatic deletions of GR. This allowed to characterize GR function in the CNS, the immune system, and the liver in more detail. In particular, these approaches revealed novel aspects of organ-specific glucocorticoid physiology such as anxiety-like behavior, growth control, and polyclonal T cell activation. 

The role of CCR5 in the trafficking of leukocytes during CNS autoimmune diseases is poorly understood. Studies indicate that under noninflamed, physiologic states, few T cells enter the CNS and there is minimal CNS engraftment of blood-derived... 

Lymphocyte response and effector function has recently been reviewed with respect to lymphocyte receptors, lymphocyte activation, T cell effector functions and lymphocyte physiology. The role of cell surface... 

Brorson, J. R., Schumacker, P. T. Zhang, H. (1999). Nitric oxide acutely inhibits neuronal energy production. The Committees on Neurobiology and Cell Physiology./. Neurosci. 19 (1), 147-58. 

Norton S, D Amore T (1994) Physiological effects of yeast cell immobilization applications for brewing. Enzyme Microb Technol 16 365-375... 

Baumann, T. W. and Gabriel, H. (1984). Metabolism and excretion of caffeine during germination of Coffea araiica. L. Plant Cell Physiology 15,1431-1436. 

Mizuno, D., Higuchi, K., Sakamoto, T., Nakanishi, H., Mori, S. and Nishizawa, N. 2003. Three nicotianamine synthase genes isolated from maize are differentially regulated by iron nutritional stams. Plant and Cell Physiology, 44 S148-S148. 

Physiologically, these plasma changes are included here since they reflect impaired numbers or function of B-lymphocytes. Two broad categories are recognizable. First, such immunodeficiency states may exist on congenital basis and often do so with concurrent defects in the T cells (Fig. 1). Alternatively, severe reductions in immunoglobulin levels often develop in the course of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and myeloma. Not dissimilar impairment of immune competence is found with nephrotic syndrome, protein-losing enteropathy or even malnutrition, and in these instances is equally profound. 

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