Self-assembly immobilization

Sapsford, K. E., I. L. Medintz, J. P. Golden, J. R. Deschamps, H. T. Uyeda, and H. Mattoussi. Surface-immobilized self-assembled protein-based quantum dot nanoassemblies. Langmuir 20, 7720-7728 (2004). 

Keywords Biological interface Cell migration Cellular adhesion Dynamic substrates Immobilization Self-assembled monolayers... 

A large number of potential applications for organized protein monolayers have recently motivated considerable research activity in this field (Boussaad et al. 1998, Kiselyova et al. 1999). Construction of specific interaction-directed, self-assembled protein films has been performed at the air-water interface. The Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique has been extensively used to order and immobilize natural proteins on solid surfaces (Tronin et... 

In this chapter we describe the basic principles involved in the controlled production and modification of two-dimensional protein crystals. These are synthesized in nature as the outermost cell surface layer (S-layer) of prokaryotic organisms and have been successfully applied as basic building blocks in a biomolecular construction kit. Most importantly, the constituent subunits of the S-layer lattices have the capability to recrystallize into iso-porous closed monolayers in suspension, at liquid-surface interfaces, on lipid films, on liposomes, and on solid supports (e.g., silicon wafers, metals, and polymers). The self-assembled monomolecular lattices have been utilized for the immobilization of functional biomolecules in an ordered fashion and for their controlled confinement in defined areas of nanometer dimension. Thus, S-layers fulfill key requirements for the development of new supramolecular materials and enable the design of a broad spectrum of nanoscale devices, as required in molecular nanotechnology, nanobiotechnology, and biomimetics [1-3]. 

A unique feature of such DNA-directed self-assemblies is their site-selective immobilization, which makes it possible to construct well-defined nanostructures. On the other hand, the possibility of the introduction of a vast number of substitutes (like peptidic sequences, nucleoproteins, of hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains) to an adamantane core (adamantyl) makes such a process capable of designing steric colloidal and supramolecular conformations by setting hydrophobic/hydrophilic and other interactions. In addition, the rigidity of the adamantane structure can provide strength and rigidity to such self-assemblies [150]. 

Luderer F, Walschus U (2005) Immobilization of Oligonucleotides for Biochemical Sensing by Self-Assembled Monolayers Thiol-Organic Bonding on Gold and Silanization on Silica Surfaces. 260 37-56... 

Yokoyama K, Taira S (2005) Self-Assembly DNA-Conjugated Polymer for DNA Immobilization on Chip. 262 91-112 Yoshikawa I, see Araki K (2005) 256 133-165... 

Polymer micelles are nanometer sized (usually several tens of nanometers) self-assembled particles having a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic outer shell composed of amphiphilic AB- or ABA-type block copolymers, and are utilized as drug delivery vehicles. The first polymer micelle-type drug delivery vehicle was made of PEG-b-poly(aspartic acid) (PEG-b-PAsp), immobilizing the hydro-phobic anticancer drugDXR [188-191]. After this achievement by Kataoka et al., a great amount of research on polymer micelles has been carried out, and there are several reviews available on the subject [192-194]. 

Hahn, C.D., Leitner, C., Weinbrenner, T., Schlapak, R., Tinazli, A., Tampe, R., Lackner, B., Steindl, C., Hinterdorfer, P., Gruber, H.J., and Holzl, M. (2007) Self-assembled monolayers with latent aldehydes for protein immobilization. Bioconjugate Chem. 18, 247-253. 

M. Akram, M.C. Stuart, and D.K.Y. Wong, Direct application strategy to immobilize a thioctic acid self-assembled monolayer on a gold electrode. Anal. Chim. Acta 504, 243-251 (2004). 

C. Duan and M.E. Meyerhoff, Immobilization of proteins on gold coated porous membranes via an activated self-assembled monolayer of thioctic acid. Mikrochim. Acta 117,195-206 (1995). 

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