Molecular nanotechnolog

Molecular Nanotechnology and Nanobiotechnology with Two-Dimensional Protein Crystals (S-Layers)... 

In this chapter we describe the basic principles involved in the controlled production and modification of two-dimensional protein crystals. These are synthesized in nature as the outermost cell surface layer (S-layer) of prokaryotic organisms and have been successfully applied as basic building blocks in a biomolecular construction kit. Most importantly, the constituent subunits of the S-layer lattices have the capability to recrystallize into iso-porous closed monolayers in suspension, at liquid-surface interfaces, on lipid films, on liposomes, and on solid supports (e.g., silicon wafers, metals, and polymers). The self-assembled monomolecular lattices have been utilized for the immobilization of functional biomolecules in an ordered fashion and for their controlled confinement in defined areas of nanometer dimension. Thus, S-layers fulfill key requirements for the development of new supramolecular materials and enable the design of a broad spectrum of nanoscale devices, as required in molecular nanotechnology, nanobiotechnology, and biomimetics [1-3]. 

Most important for many applications of S-layer lattices in molecular nanotechnology, biotechnology, and biomimetics was the observation that S-layer proteins are capable of reassembling into large coherent monolayers on solid supports (e.g., silicon wafers, polymers, metals) at the air/water interface and on Langmuir lipid films (Fig. 6) (see Sections V and VIII). 

Some of their derivatives have been used as antiviral drugs. Due to their flexible chemistry, they can be exploited to design drug delivery systems and in molecular nanotechnology. In such systems, they can act as a central lipophilic core and different parts like targeting segments, linkers, spacers, or therapeutic agents can be attached to the said central nucleus. Their central core can be functionalized by peptidic and nucleic acid sequences and also by numerous important biomolecules. 

G. A. Mansoori, Advances in atomic and molecular nanotechnology. United Nations Tech. 

Not himself a scientist, Garfinkel based his conclusion about molecular nanotechnology on interviews with a number of professionals in chemistry, primarily from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). One criticism he heard came from Robert J. Silby, professor of chemistry at MIT, who pointed out that "molecules are not rigid, they vibrate, they have bending motions. This could lead one to conclude that physical devices like assemblers and replicators are not technically feasible. 

Research. Baltimore International Technology Research Institute, 2002 Also available online at http //wtec.org/loyola/te/final/te final.pdf. Newton, David E. Recent Advances and Issues in Molecular Nanotechnology. 

Schiek, M. (2007) Organic Molecular Nanotechnology. Ph.D. thesis, University of Oldenburg. 

Tremendous progress has been made in the fundamental theory of quantum information and there is currently a global race to find a practical technology for quantum computing. Quantum computation is potentially the most innovative area that can be addressed within nanotechnology, embracing nanofabrication and molecular nanotechnology, as well as atomic and molecular manipulation and assembly. 

Waste Minimization and Molecular Nanotechnology Toward Total Environmental Sustainability... 

Keywords Waste minimization Sustainability Molecular nanotechnology ... 

Nanotechnology is an anticipated manufacturing technology giving thorough, inexpensive control of the structure of matter. The term has sometimes been used to refer to any technique able to work at a submicron scale, sometimes called molecular nanotechnology (MNT). The central theory of nanotechnology is that almost any chemically stable structure that can be specified can in fact be built [31-33]. 

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